国际商法-复习重点

1一.名词解释Insuranceisthecontractualcommitmentbyaninsurertoindemnifyaninsuredagainstspecificcontingenciesandperils.AFreeTradeArea(FTA)consistsofagroupofstatesthathavereducedoreliminatedtariffsamongthemselvesbutthatmaintaintheirownindividualtariffsindealingwithotherstates.Apatentis‘astatutoryprivilegegrantedbythegovernmenttoinventors,andtoothersderivingtheirrightsfromtheinventor,forafixedperiodofyears,toexcludeotherpersonsfrommanufacturing,using,orsellingapatentedproductorfromutilizingapatentedmethodorprocess’.Doubletaxationisincomeearnedinonecountrymaybetaxedasecondtimeinanothercountry.Anationalmultinationalenterpriseconsistsofafirminonecountry—theparent—operatinginothercountriesthroughbranchesandsubsidiaries.Productliabilitylawistodiscouragemanufacturersfromputtingdefectiveproductsintothemarketplacebyrequiringthemtoassumeliabilityfortheinjuriestheirproductscause.jurisdictionTheCIJhasthejurisdictiontoheartwokindsofcases:(1)thosebetweenstates(basedonthecourt'scontentiousjurisdiction)and(2)thoserequestedbyorgansorspecializedagenciesoftheUnitedNations(baesdontheCourt'sadvisoryjurisdiction).2Immunity:二.Importantcontentinchapterone1.Historically,dealtwith3kindsofinternationalrelationship：1.thosebetweenstatesandstates;2.thosebetweenstatesandpersons;3.thosebetweenpersonsandpersons.therulesandnormsregulatingtherelationshipsbetweenstates(countries)2.publicinternationallaw&privateinternationallawThislawbetweennationsiscalledpublicinternationallawWithgrowthofrelationshipsbetweenpersonsandcorporationsindifferentstates,privateinternationallawdevelopedtogoverntheirconduct3.MostimportantIGO;theUnitedNations4.ComparisonofMunicipalLegalSystemsThreemajorlegalsystemtypesare:(1)Romano-Germaniccivillaw(2)Anglo-Americancommonlaw(3)Islamiclaw35.GoodwillandCivilityBetweenStates:ComityComityisthusaninformalprinciplethatnationswillextendcertaincourtesiestoothernationsparticularlybyrecognizingthevalidityandeffectoftheirexecutive,legislative,andjudicialacts.Thisprincipleismostfrequentlyinvokedbycourts,whichwillnotactinawaythatdemeansthejurisdiction,law,orjudicialdecisionsofanothercountry.ComparisonofMunicipalLegalSystemsThreemajorlegalsystemtypesare:(1)Romano-Germaniccivillaw(2)Anglo-Americancommonlaw(3)Islamiclaw三.问答题1.ListbrieflythespecificcategoriesofsalesnotdefinedbyCISG.(1)goodsboughtforpersonal,family,orhouseholduse4(2)Auctionsales(3)Saleson‘executionorotherwisebyauthorityoflaw’(4)Stocks,shares,investmentsecurities,negotiableinstruments,ormoney(5)Ships,vessels,hovercraft,oraircraft(6)Electricity.2.WhatarethemainprincipalsofGATT1947?(1)Tradediscriminationwasforbidden.Eachcontractingstatehadtoaccordthesametradingprivilegesandbenefitstoallothercontractingstatesequally(most-favored-nationstatus)Onceforeigntradegoodswereimportedintoonecontractingstatefromanother,theforeigngoodshadtobetreatedthesamewayasdomesticgoods.(theNationaltreatmentprinciple)(最惠国待遇原则)(2)Onceforeigntradegoodswereimportedintoonecontractingstatefromanother,theforeigngoodshadtobetreatedthesamewayasdomesticgoods.(theNationaltreatmentprinciple)(国民待遇原则)(3)Thetraderegulationsofcontractingstatesshouldbetransparent(透明),thatis,publishedandavailabletoothercontractingstatesandtheirnationals.3.Listthesourcesofinternationallaw.(1)Internationalcustom(2)Generalprinciplesoflawrecognizedbycivilizednations(3)Judicialdecisionsandteachingsofhighlyqualifiedlegalwriters54.WhataretheremediesuniquetobuyersunderCISG?(1)tocompelspecificperformance(2)toavoidthecontractforfundamentalbreachornondelivery(3)toreducetheprice(4)torefuseearlydelivery(5)torefuseexcessquantities.5.Whataclaimantmustprovewhenimposingproductliabilityonthedefendantbecauseoftheinjuriescausedbynegligence?(1)theexistenceofadefect(2)thedefectwastheresultofthedefendant’sconduct(3)theplaintiffsufferedaninjury(4)theinjurywascausedbythedefect(5)thedefendantbreachedadutyofcaretotheplaintiff6.Whatkindsofworksprotectedbycopyright?Theobjectofcopyrightprotectionisawork,thatis,anintellectualcreationinthefieldofart,literature,music,orscience.7.ListbrieflythebasicfunctionofWTO.(1)Toimplement,administer,andcarryouttheWTOAgreementanditsannexes;(2)Toactasaforumforongoingmultilateralnegotiations;(3)Toserveasatribunalforresolvingdisputes;(4)Toreviewthetradepoliciesandpracticesofmemberstates.6Exercises1.whichofthefollowingisright?A.TheinternationalstandardofcareisfavoredbymajorWesterncountries,whichprovidesthatastateisresponsibleforinjuringanalienwhenthestate’sconductviolatesinternationalnorms.B.BothapersonandacompanycanfileacomplaintintheInternationalCourtofJustice.C.Internationaltribunalsrequirethatacompanywhichinvolvedinthecasehasnolinkwithitssponsoringstate.D.StockholmDeclarationissuedin1972assertsthatahealthyenvironmentisahumanrightandthatstateshavearesponsibilitynottodamagetheenvironmentofotherstates.Answer:AD1.whichofthefollowingisright?A.TheinternationalstandardofcareisfavoredbymajorWesterncountries,whichprovidesthatastateisresponsibleforinjuringanalienwhenthestate’sconductviolatesinternationalnorms.B.Bothapersonandacompanycanfileacompla