初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第1辑(共20辑)--知识点总结

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第1辑（共20辑）知识点总结1初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第1辑（共20辑）知识点总结1.宾语从句：怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？○1在动词后作宾语(动宾):Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?划线部分是动词know的宾语.○2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语:Heaskedmewhenwewouldleave.此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。○3在介词后作宾语(介宾)：Let’stalkabouthowwesolvethisproblem.○4在I’msorry…,I’mafraid…,I’msure…等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句.宾语从句需注意的时态问题:○1主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。Hesays(that)hewillhaveawalksoon.（soon指将来，从句用将来时）Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.（暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时）Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.（今早已过去，从句用过去时）○2主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.○3无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.○4宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?（不是willyou）Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe)2.状语从句：此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件(if和unless引导)状语从句和时间(when等引导,见下文)状语从句。状语从句需注意以下问题：○1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果),unless(除非)，when(当…的时候),assoonas(一…就…)，before,after,until,till,as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。Youmaytakearestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.（主句有情态动词）CouldyoulookaftermysonafterIleavehome?（情态动词could是为了让语气委婉，并不指过去时，从句仍用一般现在时）Iwillgooutassoonasitstopsrainingthisafternoon.（主句是将来时）Waitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.（主句是祈使句）○2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用表过去时的适当时态，如：IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.3.定语从句：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。（以下所给例子凡斜体字部分均作定语从句。）Sheisagirlwho/thatisbeautifulandkind-hearted.Thegirlwho/thatistallismysister.（以上关系词作主语，不可省略。）Sheisagirl(who/whom/that)Iknowverywell.（关系词做know的宾语，可以省略。）Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.(关系词whose表所属，后需接名词。前句指人，译为“这个孩子的”；后句指物，译为“这个自行车的”。）Iboughtawatch(which/that)Ipaid100yuanfor.（指物,作pay的宾语，可以省略。）Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.（关系词译为“这个地方”，主语，不可省）IpreferaplacewhereIcanliveaquietlife.（关系词译为“在这个地方”，是地点副词。）Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.（“在这一天”，是时间副词）4.wish和hope:○1wish既可接todosth.也可接sb+todosth.也可接that从句.IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.（注：接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气。）○2hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.Ihope(that)everythinggoeswell.（接从句时不用虚拟）5.thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.(此句表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。)Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn’tmakesuchmistakes.(此句表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。)初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第1辑（共20辑）知识点总结26.感官动词用法之一：see,hear,listento,watch,notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIfellasleep.(我入睡时有人正敲门)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.(听的是全过程)Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.(此处有频率词often)若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式：Wesawhimgointotherestaurant.→Hewasseentogointotherestaurant.Iheartheboycryeveryday.→Theboyisheardtocryeveryday.7.感官动词用法之二：look,sound,smell,taste,feel可当系动词，后接形容词。Helooksangry.Itsoundsgood.Theflowerssmellbeautiful.Thesweetstastesweet.Thesilkfeelssoft.Ifelttired.Theyalllookedtired.这些动词都不用于被动语态。如：Thesweetsaretastedsweet.是错误的。注意：如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：Helookslikehismother.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.Itsoundslikegreatfun.Itsmellslikeaflower.Ittasteslikesalt.8.find和think部分用法:find/think+宾语+宾语补足语。(代替宾从)宾补有以下情况：○1.名词短语Johnfoundhissonacleverboy.○2.形容词短语Mrs.Smiththinksherhusbandkindoflazy.○3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式Ifoundithardtofoolthegirl.○4find后也有v-ing形式作宾语补足语。Ifoundhimreadingabookjustnow.9.wouldlike/want/feellike:○1wouldlike，和want类似：◇都可接名词短语：Iwouldlike/wantanotherthreedesks.◇都可接带to不定式：Iwouldlike/wanttogooutforawalk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to不定式:Iwouldlikeyoutogivemeahand.○2feellike:◇后也可接名词短语：Doyoufeellikesometea?◇后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Doyoufeellikehavingawalk?Idon’tfeellikedrinkingtea.【注：feellike常用于疑问句或否定句中。】10.词序易错的短语：○1形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Isthereanythingdeliciousinthefridge?Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.Iwanttogosomewherewarm.○2else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?○3enough修饰形容词和副词，enough放在后面。Thissweaterischeapenough.Nemoisoldenoughtowork.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog.Shedoesn’tlistencarefullyenough.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：○1Whatdoyouthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?=How/Whatdoyoufeelabout…?“你对…怎么看？”(How…?句中有like，是动词。)○2What’stheweatherlikein…?=Howistheweatherin…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like，是介词，“像”。而How…?句中无like.)12.take,cost,pay,spend区别：○1It+take+sb+sometime+todosth：Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.○2物+cost+sb+钱：Thebagcostmethirtyyuan.若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是”：Thebagcosts30Yuan.○3人+pay+sb+钱+forsth：Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike..(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。切记for后接的是物，而不是人或钱。)○4人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.Thegirlspenttwohours(in)searchingtheInternet.Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes.spend有时可指“度过”：spendholiday/weekends/winter13.双宾结构：pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sell/call/show/buy/ask/tell等可加双宾结构。也就是接