高二英语句子结构ppt.ppt

Grammarsentences句子成份★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement主·宾·表补定·状·1)主语（subject）Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。,动词不定式,动名词或主语从句名词,主格代词Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2)谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由担任。常置于主语后。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.动词常用时间状语：usually,sometimes,often,never,inspring,everyday,inthemorning动词构成：be(is/am/are)动词原型.work动词+S.（主语是第三人称单数）works否定构成：don’t+动原doesn’t+动原一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语+动原+其它？Yes,Ido.Does+主语+动原+其它？No,hedoesn’t.特殊疑问举例：WhatdoyouoftendoonSundays?Wheredoeshelive?1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.2.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.3.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?washplaysdoessing常用时间状语：yesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in2000,atthattime,beforeliberation,when等引导的含过去时的句子。动词构成：动词过去时（-ed）worked/usedtowork否定构成：didn’t+动原didn’tworkusednot(didn’tuse)towork一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？特殊疑问句举例：Whatdidhedoyesterday?P.S.：Hehasopenedthedoor.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是门还开着）Heopenedthedoor.(不能确定门现在是否开着)动词-ed形式的构成：在动词后加-ed以字母e结尾的动词，只+d“辅音字母+y”，变y为i,再+ed重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写+edwantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanwantedmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedansweredgotdranktookwentswamatecutwerehaddidcamesaidsawputgettakegoswimeatdrinkarehavedocomecutputsaysee1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclothesyesterday.2.Thedaybeforeyesterdayhe________(play)basketballoverthere.3._____Sally______(sing)twohoursago?washedplayedDidsing一般将来时句子结构主语+shall\will+do主语+is\am\are\goingto+do主语+beto+do主语+beaboutto+do主语+be+doing(1)——Yourjob_________openforyourreturn.——Thanks.(06北京)A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeepD.hadbeenkept现在进行时用法正在进行一直进行与always连用Look,theyareplayingfootball.Heiswritinganovelthisyear.Myteacherisalwayssmilinginclass.结构:be(is,am,are)+doing标志语：Look!Listen!now,thesedays注意：go,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的进行时有时表示即将发生的动作。一般在动词原形后+ing以不发音的e结尾的，去e，+ing重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母+ing动词-ing形式的构成：writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.2.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.3.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingIssinging过去进行时用法过时正进过段直进when,whileIwasdoingmyhomeworkateightlastnight.TheywerewatchingTVfromninetotenyesterday.Theywerereadingaloudwhentheteachercamein.过去进行时:PastProgressive概念:表示过去正在发生的动作结构:be(was，were)+doing标志语：at8:00yesterday、when、while、atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,现在完成时1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词.2．未完成用法,表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可能持续下去,也可能刚刚结束,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词Ihavereadthebook.Hehasopenedthedoor.Haveyouseenabookhere?Ihavelivedheresincemychildhood.WehavelearnedEnglishforfouryears.Ithasbeen(is)sixyearssincehelefthere.(1)We_____ournewneighborsyet,sowedon'tknowtheirnames.(06上海)A.don'tmeetB.won'tmeetC.haven'tmetD.hadn'tmet(2)Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn'ttastelikeanythingI_____before.(05全国)A.washavingB.haveC.haveeverhadD.hadeverhad(3)Mybrotherisanactor.He_____inseveralfilmssofar.(05浙江)A.appearsB.appearedC.hasappearedD.isappearing3)宾语（object）IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.4)表语（predicative）用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）TowearafloweristosayI’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。•定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。•MissYangisachemistryteacher.（名词）•Heisourfriend.（代词）•Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）•Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）•Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)•Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)•TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）•Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）•Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）•YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.•状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。•（以下例句按上述顺序排列）•Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.•Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.•Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.•Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.•Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.7)状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之