选修8unit4词汇讲解

1Languagepointsinunit4Module81.workout计算出，设法弄懂，精心制定出，逐渐解决，按某种方式发展。1)Youcanworkouttheanswerbyaddingallthenumbers.2)I’mnottellingyoutheanswer-----workitoutforyourself.3)Ihaven’tworkedoutwhoisgoingtolookafterthekidstonight.4)Ihopeitallworksoutbetweenyouandme.5)Wedidn’tplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutitworkedoutverywell.2.…anexpertinphonetics,convincedthatthequalityofaperson’sEnglishdecideshis/herpositioninsociety.一位语音学专家，认定一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位。(1)Convincevt.tocausetobelieverorfeelcertain;topersuade说服；使相信，说动（某人）我们说服了他坐火车去，不要搭飞机去。Weconvincedhimtogobytrainratherthanplane.2)(be)convinced+of短语/that从句意思是“坚信…”;“确信…”。例如：我确信他有罪。Iamconvincedofhisguilt.=Iamconvincedthathewasguilty.3)convince(vt.)sb+of短语/that从句，“使…坚信…”;“使…确信…”。2我不认为她的强作欢颜能使她父亲相信她在那个小孤岛上过得开心。Idon’tthinkherforcedsmilewillconvinceherfatherthatsheliveshappilyonthatsmalllonelyisland.Convincedadj.坚信的，意志坚定的Convincingadj.令人心服的3.set(1)vt.安排；布置（岗哨）；定（时间、标准）；创造（记录）；专心于1）Setguardsaroundthegate.2)Thetimeanddateofthemeetinghavenotyetbeenset.3)Hesetanewrecord.4)Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.(2)vt.使――做某事；使――处于某状态5）Iopenedthecageandsetthebirdfree.6)Asparksetthesoodsonfire.(3)vi.（日、月等）下落；下沉7)Itwillbecoolerwhenthesunhasset.(4)n.一套，一组；电器设备8）IboughtasetofLuXun’sshortstories.9)Ineedaradioset.短语：setoff出发,动身setout出发，着手Setabout开始，着手setup建立，成立Setsb.agoodexample为某人树立好榜样4．Holdup1)raise;keepup举起3Holdupyourrighthand.2)showasanexample提出（作为榜样）TheteacheralwaysholdsupTomasamodelofhardwork.3)todelay阻滞Thebuildingofthenewroadhasheldupbybadweather.短语：holdback使固定；阻挡holddown压制Holdto遵循；坚持holdtogether(使团结；连接在一起)5．Handover移交；让与；交给某人照料1)Thecaptainwasunwillingtohandoverthecommandofhisship.军舰的指挥权2）Thethiefwashandedovertothepoliceman.短语：handdown传给handover传递Handsup举手handout分发，分给6.Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.但每次一张嘴说话，他们就原形毕露。betrayoneself无意中露出本性；背叛相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。Quitealotofpeoplewillbetraythemselveswhentemptedbymoney.betray1）vt.giveawayormakeknown泄露（秘密）她不会把他的秘密泄露给我。他向所有的朋友透露了这个消息。Hebetrayedthenewstoallhisfriends.2）vt.tobedisloyalorunfaithfulto出卖；背叛他的最好的朋友背叛了他.4Hisbestfriendbetrayedhim.他背叛祖国，向敌人投降了.Hebetrayedhiscountrytotheenemy(3)tobeasignof(sth.Onewouldliketohide)显露；显示他的脸显露出他很生气。Hisfacebetrayedthathewasangry.betray+n.+to出卖，背叛betray+n.+(tobe)/-that表示“无意中显示，暴露”名词形式betrayal如anactofbetrayal背叛的行为Everytime每一次；下列名词词组可作为连词使用：themoment,thesecond,theminute,theinstant,anytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime等。例如：ThemomentIheardthenewsthatshehadbeenadmittedintoOxfordUniversity,Isentane-mailtocongratulateher.7.Condemnvt.谴责(1)condemnsb./sth.谴责某人/某事大部分人谴责任何形式的暴力行为。Mostpeoplecondemnanysortofviolence.(2)becondemnedtodeath/besentencedtodeath被判死刑那个罪犯被判处死刑。Thecriminalwascondemnedtodeath.(3)condemnsb.todosth.使——注定他的病使他被迫一直呆在床上。Hisillnesscondemnedhimtobeinbedallthetime.8.acquaintancen.相识;了解5我懂得这门语言.Ihavesomeacquaintancewiththelanguage.我很久以前已经认识他了.Imadehisacquaintancelongago.makeone’sacquaintance/maketheacquaintanceofsb.结识某人befamiliarwith/beacquaintedwith对…熟悉acquaintsb.with使某人了解9.ahandfulof一把，少数的（人）我给了那个男孩一把糖。Igavetheboyahandfulofsweets.我们邀请了12人，但只有几个人来。Weinvited12,butonlyahandfulofthemcame.abasketful一篮子abagfulof一书包amouthfulof一口apocketfulof一袋10.inamazement惊讶地当她撕烂那张合同然后仍掉的时候,我们都惊讶地望着她。Wewatchedinamazementasshetoreupthecontractandthrewit.toone’samazement使某人惊奇的是使我惊奇的是，我得了一等奖。TomyamazementIgotthefirstprize.11.afortune!一笔财富(1)[U]success;goodluck成功;好运,幸运1)Fortunesmiledonhim.他事事顺利.2)Bygoodfortunehewasnothurt.(2)[C]未来的命运;运道;运气63)Whatwillbeourfortune?4)Onedaygoodfortunebefellhim.(3)[C]财富5)Hereceivedalargefortunewhenhisfatherdied.Fortunateadj.幸运的fortunatelyadv.幸运地短语:makeafortune发财seekone’sfortune外出找出路tryone’sfortune碰运气befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.幸运地做某事12.Generallyspeaking,peoplearemorepolitetothosewhomtheythinkareofhighersocialclass.总的来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层的人更礼貌一些。(1)本句中的of表示”从属”关系。例如：物以类聚，人以群分。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.(2)beof+形容词+抽象名词=be+副词+与该抽象名词同根的形容词。例如：我所说的非常重要。WhatIsaidisofgreatimportance.=WhatIsaidisveryimportant.可用于以上结构的抽象名词及相对应的形容词有：ability-able,help-helpful,importance-important,interest-interesting,significance-significant,use-useful,value-valuable13.superiorsuperior作为形容词有两大用法：71)作为普通形容词，意为“傲慢的”。例如：我讨厌他那傲慢的态度。Ihatehissuperiormanner.2)作为暗含比较级的形容词，意为”较高级”、“较好的”、“较…为优秀的”。由于superior本身隐含着比较意义，因此不能在前面再加more。在与另一事物进行比较时，与之搭配的介词要用to,不能than。例如：约翰逊的数学比王先生好。JohnsonissuperiortoMr.Wanginmathematics.与superior用法相同的词还有inferior,senior,junior,prior等。比…优越，不屈服于besuperiorto低于beinferiorto比…年长beseniorto比…年轻bejuniorto例如：青铜不如金子。Brassisinferiortogold.他比我小很多岁。Heisjuniortomebymanyyears.我母亲在结婚前曾经是电工。Priortohermarriage,mymotherwasanelectrician.14.intermsof有两个意思:一个意为“根据”、“依照”“从—角度”；另一个意为“以…的措辞”。例如：Intermsofmoneywe’requiterichbutnotintermsofhappiness.让每一个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读。Leteachchildreadintermsofhisowntastesandchoices.他对你的工作大加赞赏。Hereferredtoyourworkintermsofhighpraise.15.indisguise意为“乔装”(1)我以为你是便衣警察。Ithoughtmaybeyouwasapolicemanindisguise.8(2)这位皇帝喜欢微有私访。Theemperorlikedtravellingindisguise.联想：inneedof意思是“需要”。他需要理发了Heisinneedofahaircut.inneed意思是“在困难（穷困）中”。例如：我们应该帮助贫困的人。Weshouldhelpthoseinneed.16.betn.&vt.打赌I’vemad