新版国际贸易术语解释通则

2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》INCOTERMS2000（英文）1《新版国际贸易术语解释通则》1.PURPOSEANDSCOPEOFINCOTERMS……………………………………………………….2.WHYREVISIONSOFINCOTERMS?……………………………………………………………..3.INCOTERMS2000…………………………………………………………………………………...4.INCOPRORATIONOFINCOTERMSINTOTHECONTRACTOFSALE………………………5.THESTRUCTUREOFINCOTERMS………………………………………………………………6.TERMINOLOGY……………………………………………………………………………………….7.THESELLERSDELIVERYOBLIGATIONS……………………………………………………….8.PASSINGOFRISKSANDCOSTSRELATINGTOTHEGOODS………………………………9.THETERMS……………………………………………………………………………………………10.THEEXPRESSIONNOOBLIGATION…………………………………………………………..11.VARIANTSOFINCOTERMS……………………………………………………………………….12.CUSTOMSOFTHEPORTOROFAPARTICULARTRADE……………………………………13.THEBUYERSOPTIONSASTOTHEPLACEOFSHIPMENT…………………………………14.CUSTOMSCLEARANCE……………………………………………………………………………15.PACKAGING…………………………………………………………………………………………..16.INSPECTIONOFGOODS…………………………………………………………………………...17.MODEOFTRANSPORTANDTHEAPPROPRIATE………………………………………………18.THERECOMMENDEDUSE………………………………………………………………………….19.THEBILLOFLADINGANDELECIRONICCOMMERCE………………………………………..20.NONNEGOTIABLETRANSPORTDOCUMENTSINSTEADOFBILLSOFLADING………..21.THERIGHTTOGIVEINSTRUCTIONSTOTHECARRIER………………………………………22.ICCARBITRATION……………………………………………………………………………………..2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》INCOTERMS2000（英文）21.PURPOSEANDSCOPEOFINCOTERMSThepurposeofIncotermsistoprovideasetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationofthemostcommonlyusedtradetermsinforeigntrade.Thus,theuncertaintiesofdifferentinterpretationsofsuchtermsindifferentcountriescanbeavoidedoratleastreducedtoaconsiderabledegree.Frequently,partiestoacontractareunawareofthedifferenttradingpracticesintheirrespectivecountries.Thiscangiverisetomisunderstandings,disputesandlitigation,withallthewasteoftimeandmoneythatthisentails.Inordertoremedytheseproblems,theInternationalChamberofCommercefirstpublishedin1936asetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationoftradeterms.TheseruleswereknownasIncoterms1936.Amendmentsandadditionswerelatermadein1953,1967,1976,1980,1990andpresentlyin2000inordertobringtherulesinlinewithcurrentinternationaltradepractices.ItshouldhestressedthatthescopeofIncotermsislimitedtomattersrelatingtotherightsandobligationsofthepartiestothecontractofsalewithrespecttothedeliveryofgoodssold(inthesenseoftangibles,notincludingintangiblessuchascomputersoftware).ItappearsthattwoparticularmisconceptionsaboutIncotermsareverycommon.First,Incotermsarefrequentlymisunderstoodasapplyingtothecontractofcarriageratherthantothecontractofsale.Second,theyaresometimeswronglyassumedtoprovideforallthedutieswhichpartiesmaywishtoincludeinacontractofsale.AshasalwaysbeenunderlinedbyICC,Incotermsdealonlywiththerelationbetweensellersandbuyersunderthecontractofsale,and,moreover,onlydosoinsomeverydistinctrespects.Nevertheless,thepartiesagreementtouseaparticularIncoterms,wouldnecessarilyimplicationsfortheothercontracts.Tomentionafewexamples,ahavingagreedtoaCFRorCIF-contractcannotperformsuchacontractbyanyothermodeoftransportthancarriagebysea,sinceunderthesehemustpresentabillofladingorothermaritimedocumenttothebuyerwhichissimplynotpossibleifothermodesoftransportareused.Furthermore,-&cdocumentrequiredunderadocumentarycreditwouldnecessarilydependuponthemeansoftransportintendedtoheused.Second,Incotermsdealwithanumberofidentifiedobligationsimposedontheparties-suchasthesellersobligationtoplacethegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerorhandthemoverforcarriageordeliverthematdestinationandwiththedistributionofriskbetweenthepartiesinthesecases.2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》INCOTERMS2000（英文）3Further,theydealwiththeobligationstoclearthegoodsforexportandimport,thepackingofthegoods,thebuyersobligationtotakedeliveryaswellastheobligationtoprovideproofthattherespectiveobligationshavebeendulyfulfil1ed.AlthoughIncotermsareextremelyimportantfortheimplementationofthecontractofsale,agreatnumberofproblemswhichmayoccurinsuchacontractarenotdealtwithatall,liketransferofownershipandotherpropertyrights.breachesofcontractandtheconsequencesfollowingfromsuchbreachesmwellasexemptionsfromliabilityincertainsituations.ItshouldbestressedthatIncotermsarenotintendedtoreplacesuchcontracttermsthatareneededforacompletecontractofsaleeitherbytheincorporationofstandardtermsorbyindividuallynegotiatedterms.Generally,Incotermsdonotdealwiththeconsequencesofbreachofcontractandanyexemptionsfromliabilityowingtovariousimpediments.Thesequestionsmustheresolvedbyotherstipulationsintilecontractofsaleandtileapplicablelaw.Incotermshavealwaysbeenprimarilyintendedforusewheregoodsaresoldfordeliveryacrossnationalboundaries:hence,internationalcommercialterms.However,Incotermsareinpracticeattimesalsoincorporatedintocontractsforthesaleofgoodswithinpurelydomesticmarkets.WhereIncotermsaresoused,theA2andB2clausesandanyotherstipulationofotherarticlesdealingwithexportandimportdo,ofcourse,becomeredundant.2.WHYREVISIONSOFINCOTERMS?ThemainreasonforsuccessiverevisionsofIncotermshasbeentheneedtoadaptthemtocontemporarycommercialpractice.Thus,inthe1980revisionthetermFreeCarrier(nowFCA)wasintroducedmordertodealwiththefrequentcasewherethereceptionpointinmaritimetradewasnolongerthetraditionalFO