名词性从句之宾语从句与表语从句

ObjectClauses宾语从句M3U3Grammar什么是宾语？•Iknowhim.•Doyouhavethetime?•Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.•Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）一、宾语从句的概念在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态MrGreenteachesEnglishiftheseanswerswereright从属连词that,whether,if连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what（一）引导词123连接副词where,how,why,whene.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuch由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略that——不能省略的3种情况(1)that引导多个并列宾语从句，第二个及以后的that不可省。Hetoldmehewouldhaveapartyandthathewantedmetotakepartin.(2)当that作介词except,in,but的宾语时IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromBeijing.但：YoumaydependonitthatI’llhelpyou.(3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句1.Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomeif/whether“是否”，常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。只能用whether不能用if的情况1.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:•Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.2.在动词不定式前(whethertodosth.)：•Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.在介词后面：•Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.4.宾语从句提前时：•Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做表语否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.Iknowhe______（live)here.Iknowhe______(live)heretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathe________(come)tomorrow.三、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。2.如果主句是过去的时态,从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态Iknewwho______(live)here.Isawshe___________(talk)withhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfather__________(come)backtomorrow.Hesaidthathe__________(see)it.liveslivedwillcomelivedwastalkingwouldcomehadseen•Thebosstoldmehewasbornin1960.•IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时,仍用一般现在时。•Dadtoldusthatit__bettertodothantosay.•Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthree___six.•Hetoldmetheearth______(move)aroundthesun.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。isismoves宾语从句三要素时态Summary(小结）引导词（连接词）语序ThepredicativeClauses表语从句M3U3Grammar表语从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be/系动词后面)叫做表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.1.注意：引导表语从句的连接词that一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.2.注意：表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”他为什么迟到的原因是交通拥挤。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatthetrafficwasbusy.3.注意：有reason时表语从句不用because而用thatHewaslate,that’sbecausethetrafficwasbusy.Thetrafficwasbusy,that’swhyhewaslate.4.Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….作为常用结构记试区分以下句子Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。(表从)(定从)(定从)1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABCPractice5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee____.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_____tomorrow,he____fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCD1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Ihearthey________________(return)italready.4.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1