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勒·柯布西耶和他的建筑LeCorbusierandhisconstruction我要介绍的国际著名建筑师是勒·柯布西耶。勒·柯布西耶,出生于士的一个钟表制造之家,青年时代的柯布西耶对建筑产生兴趣,并通过云游欧洲各国参观,以及在贝伦斯等建筑师开办的事务所工作等途径自学建筑。IwanttointroduceaninternationallyrenownedarchitectLeCorbusier.LeCorbusier,borninSwitzerland,awatchmaker'shome,LeCorbusier'sinterestinthearchitecturewhenhewasinyouth,andstudyconstructionbyhimselfthroughtravelingandvisitingtheEuropeancountries,andworkinginthefirmoperatedbyarchitectssuchasPeterBehrens.萨伏伊别墅Gazafellthevilla1928年设计,1930年建成。designedin1928,builtin1930.(1)底层的独立支柱。房屋的主要使用部分放在二层以上,下面全部或部分地腾空,留出独立的支柱;Thebottomoftheindependentpillar.Themainuseofhousepartsisin2above,belowthewholedepartmentorpartlyhang,setasideindependentpillar;(2)屋顶花园;theroofgarden;(3)自由的平面;freeplane;(4)横向长窗;lateralwindow;(5)自由的立同。freemadewith.房子平面约为22.50×20米的一个方块,钢筋混凝土结构。底层三面有独立的柱子,中心部分有门厅、车库、楼梯和坡道,以及仆役房间。二层有客厅、餐厅、厨房、卧室和院子。三层有主人卧室及屋顶晒台。房屋总的体形简单,但是内部空间相当复杂,在楼层之间采用了在室内很少用的斜坡道,增加了上下层的空间连续性。萨伏伊别墅的外形轮廓也比较简单,如同一个内部细巧镂空的几何体,又好象一架复杂的机器。勒·柯布西耶追求的并不是机器般的功能和效率,而是机器般的造型,这种艺术趋向被称为“机器美学”。Houseplaneisabout22.50by20metersofasquare,reinforcedconcretestructure.Thethreesurfaceofbottomhasindependentpillars,hallway,garage,stairandramp,andservantroomisinthecenter.Thesittingroom,dining-room,kitchen,bedroomandyardisonthesecondfloor.AndmasterbedroomandroofflatroofontheThreelayer.Buildinggeneralshapeissimple,buttheinternalspaceisquitecomplex,betweenthefloorintheindoorrampisused,whichincreasesthespacelowercontinuity.TheoutlineofGazafellthevillaissimpler,asangeometrywhoseinternaldaintyishollow-out,andlikeacomplexmachine.Lecorbusierdoesnotpursuitthefunctionandefficiencylikemachine,butthemodelling,thiskindofarttrendiscalledmachineaesthetics.巴黎瑞士学生宿舍(1930~1932)ParisSwissstudentdormitory(1930~1932)这是建造在巴黎大学区的一座学生宿舍。ThisisastudentdormitorybuiltinParisuniversity.在这座建筑中,勒·柯布西耶在建筑处理上特别采用了种种的对比手法。Inthebuilding,LeCorbusieradoptedavarietyofcontrastmethodsintheconstructionprocessingspecially.日内瓦国际联盟总部设计方案1927年国际联盟为建造总部征求建筑设计。总部包括理事会、秘书处、各部委员会等办公和会议用建筑,一座2600座的大会堂及附属图书馆等。地址在日内瓦的湖滨。GenevainternationalunionheadquartersdesignschemeTheinternationalalliancewanttobuildtheheadquartersandsearchforarchitecturaldesignin1927.Headquartersincludingcouncil,thesecretariat,buildingsforworkingandmeetingwhichispreparedforcommittees,a2600seatatthegreathallanditsaffiliatedlibrary,etc.It'sbuiltbesidealakeinGeneva.关于现代城市和居住问题的设想勒·柯布西耶对现代城市提过许多设想。他不反对大城市,但主张用全新的规划和建筑方式改造城市。TheimagineaboutmoderncityandtheideaoflivingproblemsLecorbusiermentionedmanyideasaboutmoderncity.Heisn'tagainstthebigcity,butadvocateusingnewplanningandconstructionmodetotransformcities.马赛公寓大楼容337户共1600人的大型公寓住宅。大楼用钢筋混凝土结构,长165米,宽24米,高56米。大部分住户采用跃层的布局,各户有独用的小楼梯和两层高的起居室。采用这种布置方式,每三层设一条公共走道,减省了交通面积。MarseilleapartmentbuildingorganizationTheapartmentcanhold337households,atotalof1600people.Thebuildingwithsteelreinforcedconcretestructure.Itis165metreslong,24meterswideand56metershigh.Mostoftheresidentslikejumplayerlayout,everyfamilyhaveexclusivesmallstairandtwostoriesofthelivingroom.Usethisarrangementway,everythreefloorsetapublicaisle,tocutthetrafficarea.勒·柯布西耶认为这种带有服务设施的居住大楼应该是组成现代城市的一种基本单位,他把这样的大楼叫做“居住单位”。Lecorbusierthinksthelivingbuildingwithservicefacilitiesshouldbeoneofthebasicunitofmoderncity,hecalledsuchabuildingdwellingunit.勒·柯布西耶在现代建筑史中的地位thepositionofLecorbusierinmodernarchitecturalhistory勒·柯布西耶于1965年去世。他一生的建筑活动对二十世纪的建筑有不小的影响,他和格罗皮乌斯、密斯·凡·德·罗及赖特被称为本世纪前半期最重要的四个建筑大师。Lecorbusierdiedin1965.Hisbuildingactivitieshavegreatimpactonthebuildingoftwentiethcentury,heandlatticeROMskinuz,miesvanDEROMandWrightiscalledthefourmostimportantarchitecturalmaster,inthefirsthalfofthiscentury.在二十和三十年代,勒·柯布西耶站在建筑发展潮流的前列,有力地促进了建筑设计界的革新运动,对于建筑和城市建设的现代化起了有益的推动作用。Inthetwentyandthirty,lecorbusierstandsintheforefrontofthearchitecturedevelopmenttrend,whoeffectivelypromotstheinnovationmovementofbuildingdesign,andplaysabeneficialroleinbuildingandurbanconstructionofmodernization.
本文标题:柯布西耶
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