动名词做主语和宾语

动名词作主语和宾语Grammar一动名词Grammar动词的-ing现在分词动名词在句中可以做：主语，表语，宾语，补语，定语和状语千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。一：简介v+ing时态和语态类别及物动词不及物动词形式主动被动主动一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendonehavingdone功能及用法(作主语)1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。__________________isveryimportantforme．2)说比做容易。___________iseasierthandoing.LearningnewwordsTalking3)和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_______________________________withShylockItisuselesstryingtoargue②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；nouse，awasteof等。如：①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1．作主语.动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：1)这种事开不得玩笑。Hereis____________aboutsuchmatter.2)无法知道他什么时候离开。Therewas_________whenhewouldleave.功能及用法(作主语)nojokingnoknowing③在therebe结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo…”如Thereisnodoing……：我们不知道要去哪儿。Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.做这件傻事毫无意义。____________________________________________注意：Thereisnoneedtodosth干……没必要，在此句式中todo不可换为doing..没有必要告诉她。____________________________________________而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sadvisable…/It’sessential…/It’sfitting…这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.Thereisnoneedtotellher.二、功能及用法(作主语)用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是没用处的Itisuseless/nouse做……是没用处的Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的Thereisnodoing无法……，不允许……Thereisnosense/nopointindoing做……没有道理/意义提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。动名词复合结构1)我姐姐病了，使我很担心。Mysister'sbeingillmadeusworried=Thatmysisterwasillmadeusworried.2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。Yourbeingrightdoesn'tnecessarilymean___________________________.mybeingwrong二、功能及用法(作主语)V-ing做主语__________(play)withfireisdangerous.Becareful!_______(play)withfirewillbedangerous.todoorv-ing?PlayingToplay_____________(swim)isgoodforourhealth.______________(swim)inthisriverisnotallowedSwimmingToswim表示一般或抽象的多次行为具体的或一次性的动作功能及用法(用作宾语)lookingforIcan’tavoid_______Haveyouconsidered___________onespecialfriend?1)我不能不去。2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?(一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannotstand等。如：(一)有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；(二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）going．三。动名词作宾语有三种情况。常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagine动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,can‘thelpforget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。(二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）Iforgot_______toher.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）Iforgot__________heraboutit.我忘了要告诉。。。）Iremember________yousomewhereinbiejing.（see）Remember_______metonight.(call)Heregretted__________intheexam.(cheat)Iregret_______thatwecan’tstayhereanylonger(say)writingtotellseeingtocallcheatingtosay1.Hestopped________andhavearest.(smoke)2.Hereallymuststop_______3.Ioncetried___________French(learn)4.Let’stry_________atthebackdoor.(knock)5.Ididn’ttomean________yourfeeling.(hurt)6.Thiswordmeans________outatonce.(set)7.Ican’thelp__________theroom.forIamtoobusy(clean)8.Afterhearingthejoke,wecan’thelp_________(laugh)9.Waterisuesedto_______flowers(water)10.Iamusedto_____________early..(get)11.Thoughitrained,theywenton_________.(work)12.WehavefinishedPart1.Let’sgoon_________P2(Learn)tosmokesmokingtolearnknockingtohurtsettingtocleanlaughingwatergettingupworkingtolearn(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,startcontinue等，用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大1.Istarted________(work)heretwoyearsago.2.Iintended_____apoeminEnglish.(write)3.Theyprefer____(spend)theirsummervacationinthecountry.2.need/want/require/deservedoingsth.=need/want/require/deservetobedone.4.Weneed________friends(have)5.Myhairneeds_______(cut)6.Myhairneeds_________.tohavecutting.tobecut【考例】—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？—__________hernewbicycle．（1997上海高考题）A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing解析：losinghernewbicycle是句子的主语，谓语madehersoupset被省略，losing…在此表示具体的动作。【考例】Ican'timagine__________thatwiththem．（MET1986）A.doB.todoC.beingdoneD.doingShelooksforwardeveryspringto__________theflower-linedgarden．（1995上海高考题）A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin解析：考查短语动词lookforwardto后跟动名词作宾语的用法。1.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：Wedon'tallowsmokinghere．Wedon'tallowanybodytosmokehere．2.动词need,require,want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：Thewindowneeds／requires／wantscleaning／tobecleaned．3.在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。4.动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,can'thelp后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。goondoing继续做原来做的事goontodo接着做另一件事meandoing意味着要做某事meantodo想要做某事stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下来（别的事）开始做某事trydoing试着做某事trytodo努力做某事beusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能帮助做某事【考例】—Let'shavearest．—Notnow．Idon'twanttostop__________yet．（MET1985）A.studyB.tostud