短文填空讲解

短文填空—备考指南一、命题特点短文填空是将一篇250字左右的短文抽取出10个单词，要求学生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个单词，使短文意思表达完整、正确的综合性阅读题。主要考查学生对词汇、语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况。短文填空涉及到记叙文、说明文、应用文等几大文体，基本上以记叙文和应用文居多。主要考查以下词性：动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词、介词、冠词、连词、数词以及固定搭配等，动词时态变化、名词单复数、形容词和副词的比较级变化等也在考查范围。二、解题步骤1.跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意解题时先跳过空格，通读短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句子中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。3.三读短文，上下参照，验证答案在短文的空白处分别填上一个词，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。4.复读检查，消除疏漏，纠正错误答案基本确定后，还需再次阅读全文，认真检查是否存在疏漏，意义是否连贯，语法是否正确，语境是否符合逻辑，是否存在拼写错误等。三、解题技巧(1)要有固定搭配的意识比如：1.Oneday,whenIcamehome______school,Icouldn’tfindmygrandma.2.Therearesomedifferencesbetweenhismother_____father.3.TheGreatWallisknownastheeightwonderoftheworld.Everyyearthousands_____Touristsfromallovertheworldcometovisitthisplaceof_______inChina.(2)要有上下文意识前边出现了一个词，那么在后边出现的相似或相反的语境中也可能是该词的同义词或反义词，具体要根据文章的意思来确定。1.Attheageof14,hefirstheardofAmerica.Itwassaidtobethelandofgoldandpoorpeoplecouldeasilybecome______there.2.Onetheonehand,theylookthesame,theybothhavelonghairandbigeyes.theylikesportsverymuch.Butontheotherhand,theyare______.Tonyisn’tsooutgoingasTom.(3)要有连词的意识注意观察空格前后的连词，可通过连词得知前后句子间的关系，从而有助于猜测所需单词的词义或词性等。Theyhelpedtheelderswiththeirbags,tookphotosforsometouristsandansweredpeople’squestions.Thoughtheywerevery______,theydidn’tstoptohavearest.(4)要有逻辑意识把自己置身文章中，想想自己该怎么办，根据情景、作者的语气，褒义词、贬义词，猜测作者的意图，有时要根据上下文关系正确使用连词。1.Fromhisanswerweknewthathecouldn’tfindhismother.Wetoldhimnotto______aboutitandthenwetriedtogetintouchwithhismotherwiththephonenumberhegaveus.2.Foryears,weplayedotherpeople’ssongs,_____nowweplaymostlyourownsongs.3.Shedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday，______shewasill.(5)要寻找文中所提及的关键词答题时要注意理解文中的大意，然后寻找所提及的关键词补充句子。1.OnedayHarvey’swifewascleaningoutacupboard.“Lookatallthese_________,”Harvey’swifesaidtohim,“Thereareeightandtheyareallbroken.I’lltakethemalltotheumbrellashopandhavethemrepaired,”2.Afterdinner,therobotwouldwashthedisheswhenMr.Smithrelaxedhimself.WatchinghisfavoriteTVprograms,Mr.Smithwasverypleasedwiththe______.(6)注意正确使用各类词性及词形的变换名词：单复数形式,所有格的用法动词：时态,语态的变化形容词、副词：比较级、最高级等的用法代词：单复数人称代词反身代词指示代词关系代词不定代词等的用法连词：并列与从属连词的用法冠词：定冠词the和不定冠词a,an的用法介词：in,at,of,about,for...等用法。数词：基数词、序数词以及hundred,thousand,million,billion等用法。四、强化训练：（一）SheisLiuHui,amiddleschoolstudentinAnhui,oneofthe“stayathomechildren”inhertown.LiuHuiis12yearsoldandlives(1)_______hersister.Herparentslefthometo(2)______moneyinbigcitieswhenshewasonlyfour,LiuHuihastotake(3)_______ofheryoungersister.Theyhavetostayathomealone(4)_______theyhavetogotoshcoolinthetown.“Iusedtofeel(5)_______withoutmyparentsathome,”shesaid,”butnowIknow(6)______theydoso.Theyhavetogoawaytomakemoneyforussothatwecanlive(7)_______betterlife.”Everyday,LiuHuigetsupat6:30a.m.andcooks(8)_________.Thenthetwogirlsgotoschool.Theyhavesupperat6:00p.m.ThenLiuHuidoeshouseworkand(9)________hersisterwithherhomework.Sheusuallygoestobedat9:30p.m.Thoughbusy,LiuHuiisstillthebeststudentinherclass.Shesaid,“MylifeisOK.ButIstillhopemyparentswillcomebackandlivewith(10)_______.1._______2._______3.________4.______5._________6._______7._______8._______9._______10._________(二)Tuesday,4thMayHurry!I’vejustmetmyall-timehero—WongKam-Po.I’veseenhimmanytimes(1)______television,butitwasfantastictomeethiminpersonbecausecyclingismyfavouritesport.I’dlovetobeaprofessionalcyclist（自行车手）oneday.I(2)______atShangri-LaHotelonSundaytomeetmyfamilyforlunch,whenIfoundoutthatWongKam-Powasgivingatalkthere.ImmediatelyIdecidedto(3)______tothetalkinstead.Wongtalkedaboutwinningthegoldmedalat(4)______2006AsianGames.Hesaidhefeltvery(5)_______ofhimselfandhisteammates.Heexplainedhowheandhisteampreparedthemselvesforraces.Afterthetalk,Iwentuptohimandintroduced(6)______.Iaskedhimforsome(7)_______toimprovemyridingskills.Iwasabitnervous(8)________Icouldn’texpressmyselfverywell.Wongsaidthatweneededtobelieveinourselvesandshouldnevergive(9)______.It(10)_______afantasticexperienceandIreallyenjoyedtalkingtomyhero!1._______2.______3._______4.________5.________6.________7._______8.________9.________10.________（三）Tomwasapoorboy.Hemadealivingbycleaningleather(皮革）(1)_______forothersinthestreet.Tomwasalsoacleverboy.Oneday,(2)______richman(3)______MiserappearedinfrontofTom.Hewatchedhisdirtyshoesforawhile,andthen,looked(4)_____Tom.Tomknewthiskindofpeoplewell.Theylovedmoneybuthatedtospendit.Tomsaid，“letme(5)_______yourshoes，sir．onlytwopence(便土)，sir．Mr．Misershookhisheadandwalkedaway．Tomthoughtforasecondandthencalledout，“I’dliketocleanitfornothing．”thistimeMr．Miseragreed．andsoononeofhisshoeswasshiningbrightly．Whentherichmanputhisothershoeonthestool(凳子)，Tomsaidhewouldn’tcleanitforhim(6)_______hewaspaidtw0penceforhiswork．Mr．Miserwasvery(7)_______．Herefusedtopayanythingandwentaway．Buttohis(8)_______，thewell－cleanedshoewassobrightthatitmadetheotheronelookeven(9)________．Mr．Miserlookedround．Peopleinthestreetwere(10)________athim．Finallytherichmanreturnedandgavetomtwopence．Inaveryshorttimehistwoshoesshonebrightly．1._______2._______3._____