国际贸易理论新进展——新新贸易理论述评

20115No.5Sep.t15,2011(178)TaxationandEconomy(SerialNo.178)新新贸易理论述评孔欣,宋桂琴(广东金融学院经济贸易系,广东广州510521)[]国际贸易理论先后经历了古典贸易理论新古典贸易理论新贸易理论和新新贸易理论四个发展阶段以Melitz的异质性企业模型和Antras的企业内生边界模型为代表的新新贸易理论,从企业异质性研究入手,分析了单个企业的国际化路径和全球生产组织模式选择,从微观层面来剖析国际贸易产生贸易利得与分配资源配置等问题,使国际贸易理论研究具有了坚实的微观基础虽然新新贸易理论对国际贸易理论研究做出了突破性贡献,但仍有一些方面需要进一步发展与完善[]国际贸易理论;新新贸易理论;异质性企业;内生边界[]F740[]A[]1004-9339(2011)05-0016-06一引言,,AdamSmithDavidRicardo(221),,,,,2030,HeckscherOlin(H-O),,HaberlerMiedLearnerLeontiefH-O,(222)[]2011-03-15[]本文为广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(项目编号:07GE05)广东金融学院资助项目(项目编号:JY2009B01)的阶段性成果[]孔欣(1965-),男,辽宁丹东人,广东金融学院经济贸易系副主任,教授221模型:假设世界上仅有2个国家,生产并消费2种产品,生产过程中仅投入劳动1种要素古典贸易理论认为比较优势源于不同国家的生产率差异;而要素禀赋理论认为在各国生产率相同时,如果不同国家的要素禀赋存在差异时,仍然可以产生比较优势222模型:假设世界上仅有2个国家,生产并消费2种产品,生产过程中投入劳动和资本2种要素1620,2060,,,Verdoon(1960)Balassa(1966),GrubelLloyd(1975)(Intra-IndustryTradeTheory)2070,Krugman(1979,1980,1981)DixitNorman(1980)Lancaster(1980)Helpman(1981)Ethier(1982)BranderSpencer(1985)EatonGrossman(1986),,,,2090,,,,,21,MarcMelitz(2003),PolAntras(2003),(New-NewTradeTheory),,二新新贸易理论的产生背景1.[1]();,,,,2090,,1995,BernardJensen[2];MelitzYeaple(2004)1996,39%;EatonKramarzKortum(2004),17.4%,21.6%[3];JensenBer-nardRedding(2007),20005504%,2002,119%148%26%[4],,,,,,,,2090,2.2090,,,,,2009,158.2,81;2007,20061/3,1/3,2/3;60%~70%,F&D80%,FDI90%,2117,,IT;,1992~2002,7[5];,,,,,,,FeinbesgKeane,69%,hybrid,,FDI,,,,21,MelitzAntras(2003),三新新贸易理论的主要内容1.Melitz:,,,,,Melitz2003MelitzKrugman(1980)[6]Hopen-hayn(1992)[7],,[8]Melitz,,(),,[8],,;,,,,,,,,,,,,Meiltz,,,[8],,,,,,,,,,,,,,:();;,MelitzYeaple(2005),,18,,,(),Yeaple2.Melitz:(FDI),,,,JohnHarryDun-ning,,91.3%,62.4%,51%,36.5%,12.8%,9.8%[9],,Melitz,,,Antras(2003)Helpman(2004)Yeaple(2005),(EndogenousBoundaryModelofTheFirm)[10],Melitz,,FDI,,,,,,,FDI;,,,FDI,:FDI,,;;3.,,,FDI,,:;,(Authority)Antras(2003)Helpman-Krugman,FDI,,AntrasHelpman(2004),,;;FDI,GrossmanHelpman(2005),Antrs(2005),,[11]FDI,Gross-man(2006),FDIFDI,,,FDI;,,FDI,FDI四新新贸易理论的创新与发展,19,MelitzAntras,,:,,;,,,,,,,,,,,(),(),;,(),,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,?,,??,,,,[][1].[M.:,2002:1-3.[2]Bernard,A.B.andJensenJ.B.ExceptionalExporterPerformance:Cause,Effect,orBoth?[J].JournalofInternationalEconomics,1999,47(1).[3]Eaton,Kortum,S.andKramarz,F.DissectingTrade:Firms,Industries,andExportDestinations[R/OL].NBERWorkingPaper,2004,No.10344,[4]AndrewB.BernardJ.BradfordJensen,StephenJ.Redding,PeterK.Schott.FirmsinInternationalTrade[J].Jour-nalofEconomicPerspectives,2007,21(3):105-130.20[5],.:[J].,2007,(7):24-30.[6]Krugman,P.R.ScaleEconomies,ProductDifferentiation,andthePatternofTrade[J].AmericanEconomicReview,1980,70:950-959.[7]Hopenhayn,H.Entry,Exit,andFirmDynamicsinLongRunEquilibrium[J].Econometrica,1992,60:1127-1150.[8]Melitz,M.J.TheImpactofTradeonIntra-IndustryReallocationsandAggregateIndustryProductivity[J].Econometrica,2003,71(6).[9],.[M].:,2011.[10]Antrs,P.andHelpman,E.GlobalSourcing[J].JournalofPoliticalEconomy,2004,112(3).[11]Autor,P.IncompleteContractsandtheProductCycle[J].AmericanEconomicReview,2005,95(4):1054-1073.:ProgressinInternationalTradeTheoryLiteraryReviewofNewNewTradeTheoryKongXin,SongGu-iqin(DepartmentofEconomicTrade,GuangdongUniversityofFinance,Guangzhou510521,China)Abstract:Internationaltradetheoryhasgonethroughfourperiods:theclassicaltradetheory,neoclassicaltradetheory,newtradetheoryandnewnewtradetheory.NewnewtradetheoryischaracterizedbythefocusontheenterprisemodesofheterogeneityandendogenousboundaryledbyMelitzandAntras.Itexaminesheterogeneityoftheenterprise,andanalyzestheglobalizedpathofindividualenterprisesandtheselectionmodeofinternation-alproduction.Fromamicroeconomicperspective,italsoexplorestheinternationaltradeproduction,tradeanddistributionofprofitsandresourceallocationsoastolayasolidmicroeconomicfoundationfortheinternationaltradetheory.Althoughthenewnewtradetheoryhasmadeabreakthroughcontributiontothestudyofinterna-tionaltradetheory,thereisstillsomeroomforitsfurtherdevelopmentandimprovemen.tKeyword:internationaltradetheory;newnewtradetheory;heterogeneousenterprise;endogenousboundary21