应用语言学研究的新路径_批评应用语言学发展概述

20053212JournalofSichuanInternationalStudiesUniversityMar.,2005Vol.21No.2(,650092):2090,,,,:;;;;:H0209:A:1003-3831(2005)02-0078-06NewPerspectivesonAppliedLinguistics:ASurveyofCriticalAppliedLinguisticsLILi2shengAbstract:CriticalAppliedLinguistics(CAL)isanewlydevelopedapproachtothequestionsoflanguageandeducatione2merginginthelate20thcentury.Whileviewinglanguageasfundamentallyboundwithpolitics,CALlevelscriticismsatap2pliedlinguisticsthatlanguageisapoliticalanditsresearchexploringthesocial,culturalandpoliticaldynamicsofsecondlanguageclassroomshasbeenminimal.CAL,therefore,suggestsareflectiveandcriticalapproachtotheassumptionsandpracticesofappliedlinguistics.ItisthisreflectiveandcriticalarticulationthatCALappealstosomeappliedlinguistsaswellaslanguageeducatorsandmanifestsascendantdevelopment.Keywords:CriticalAppliedLinguistics;language;politics;power;languageeducation207080,20,,(CriticalAppliedLinguistics,CAL),40,,11CAL20801987,Candlin(1990)8(AILA)WhatHappensWhenAppliedLin2guisticsGoesCritical?,,,,,(Candlin,1990:461-462)CALPenny2cook1990IssuesinAppliedLinguisticsTowardsaCriticalAppliedLinguisticsforthe1990sPennycook(1990),,87PennycookCALxCriticalAp2pliedLinguistics,Davies(1999)CAL,20052,,,:,,,,,,PennycookCAL(Kanpol,1990),,,Phillipson(1992)(LinguisticImperialism),,Pennycook(1995),,,,,,,Auberbach(1995)Pennycook(1995),,,,Rampton(1995),,2090TESOLQuarterly,1993,TESOLQuarterly,,,CAL,CALCanagarijah(1999)ResistingLinguisticsImperialisminEnglishTeachingBenesch(2001)CriticalEnglishforAcademicPurposes:Theory,Politics,andPracticeErlbaum2001AlastairPennycookCriticalAppliedLinguistics:AcriticalIntroductionAlanDaviesBlackwellHandbookofAp2pliedLinguisticsCriticalAppliedLinguisticsCAL,PennycookCAL21CAL,CAL,Davis(1999:145)CAL,CAL,Pennycook(2001,2003),,,,,,;CAL,,9720052,;,,,;,,,Pennycook(2001,2003):CAL,,(CriticalLiteracy),;,,,CAL,(Pennycook,2001,2003)CALCAL,,CDA(Kress,1990),,(Fairclough,1995)CDA,,CDA,(,2002:43),CDA,CAL,,,CDA,,,CALCAL,,Venuti(1997),,,,,CAL,,,CAL,CAL,CAL,,TE2SOLQuarterlyELTJournal,(Liu,1998),(Liu,1999)Canagarajah(1993,1999)(),Norton(1995,2000),,08Literacy,,20052,,,,,(Norton,2000:15),:,(Shohamy,2001:2),Shohamy(2001),,NortonStein(1995),,,Spolsky(1995)TOEFL:,,,,,TOEFL,CAL,CALCAL,,,(Ricento,2000)CAL,,,,CAL,,Phillipson(1992)Pennycook(1995)Skut2nabb2Kanga(1998),,,,(Skutnabb2Kangas,1998:12),,(,1998:22)CAL,CALCAL,CAL,Wodak(1996)Wodak:,,,,,,Eades(2000),,,,,CALCAL,CAL,,CAL182005231CALCALIssuesinAppliedLinguisticsPennycookCAL,Kanpol(1990)KanpolPennycook,,PennycookCAL,,,,Davies(1999)(CDA)(CAL),,CDACAL,,,,,CAL,,,CAL,Widdowson(2001)CAL,,CAL,CAL,,CAL,Pennycook(1997,2001,2003)CAL:,,CAL,CAL,CAL,,CALCAL,CAL,,CLA,,,,CAL,,CAL,,,,,40,,,320022003Monash,,AlastairPennycook,,:[1]Auerbach,E.ThePoliticsoftheESLClassroom:IssuesofpowerinPedagogicalChoices[A].InTollefson,J(ed.).PowerandInequalityinLanguageEducation[C].NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1995.9-33.[2]Benesch,S.CriticalEnglishforAcademicPurposes:Theo2ry,Politics,andPractice[M].Mahwah,NJ:LawrenceEr2lbaum,2001.[3]Canagarajah,S.CriticalEthnographyofaSriLankanClass2room:AmbiguitiesinStudentOppositiontoReproductionThoughESOL[J].TESOLQuarterly,1993,(4):601-626.[4]Canagarajah,S.ResistingLinguisticImperialisminEnglishTeaching[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1999.[5]Candlin,C.WhatHappenswhenAppliedLinguisticsGoesCritical?[A].InHalliday,M.A.K.Gibbon,J&Nicho2las,N.(eds.).Learning,KeepingandUsingLanguage[C].Amsterdam:JohnBenjamins,1990,461-486.[6]Davies,A.AnIntroductiontoAppliedLinguistics:FromTheorytoPractice[M].Edinburgh:EdinburghUniversityPress,1999.139-142.[7]Eades,D.SilencingAboriginalWitnessesinCourt[J].LanguageinSociety,2000,(2):161-195.2820052[8]Fairclough,N.CriticalDiscourseAnalysis[M].London:Longman,1995.[9]Kanpol,B.PoliticalAppliedLinguisticsandPostmodern2ism:TowardsanEngagementofSimilaritywithinDiffer2ence.AreplytoPennycook[J].IssuesinAppliedLinguis2tics,1990,(1):238-250.[10]Kress,G.CriticalDiscourseAnalysis[J].AnnualReviewofAppliedLinguistics,1990:84-99.[11]Liu,D.L.EthonocentrisminTESOL:TeacherEducationandtheNeglectedNeedsofInternationalTESOLStudents[J].ELTJournal,1998,(1):3-10.[12]Li,J.Non2NativeEnglish2SpeakingProfessionalsinTE2SOL[J].TESOLQuarterly,1999,(1):85-103.[13]NortonPeirce,B.SocialIdentity,Investment,andLan2guageLearning[J].TESOLQuarterly,1995,(1):9-31.[14]NortonPeirce,B.IdentityandLanguageLearning:Gen2der,EthnicityandEducationalChange[M].London:Longman,2000.[15]NortonPeirce,B.&Stein,P.WhytheMoneypassageBombed:Tests,Genres,andTeaching[J].HarvardEdu2cationalReview,1995,(1):50-65.[16]Pennycook,A.TowardsaCriticalAppliedLinguisticsforthe1990s[J].IssuesinAppliedLinguistics,1990,(1):8-28.[17]Pennycook,A.EnglishintheWorld/TheWorldinEng2lish[A].InTollefson,J.(ed.).PowerandInequalityinLanguageEducation[C].NewYork:CambridgeUniversi2tyPress,1995.34-58.[18]Pennycook,A.CriticalAppliedLinguisticsandEducation[A].InWodak,R.andCorson,D.(eds.).Encyclope2diaofLanguageandEducation.Volume1:LanguagePolicyandPoliticalIssuesinEducation[C].KluwerAca2demicPublishers,1997.23-31.[19]Pennycook,A.Criti