中考英语分类阅读理解

中考英语阅读理解分类解读——兼选编2008年各地中考英语阅读理解试题山东张贵福文章来源：2008年下半年度《试题与研究》一、人物故事类【命题趋势】人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。【应试对策】人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。【典型考题】(1)Whenweaskedstudentswhattheywanttobe,theyoftentalkaboutunusualjobs,thingsliketeachersanddoctors.Butifyouthinkaboutit,manypeopledon’tplantodotheirjobs.Theyjuststartdoingthembyaccident.Wehavetalkedtotwopeoplewithunusualjobs.Emilyisadentistbutshedoesn’tworkwithpeople.Sheworkswithhorses.Afteruniversityshetookcareofanimal’shealthforseveralyears,butshenoticesthattherewerefewpeoplewhocouldhelphorses’teeth.Shedeicidetogotocollegeandstudyagain.Thenshehadtobuyspecialtools,butsheisneveroutofwork.She’dalwaysverybusytakingcareofhorses’teeth.“Icouldn’tbeadentistforpeoplenow,”Emilysaid,“becauseIreallyenjoyworkingwithhorses.”AssoonasDavidcouldread,hereadbooksaboutrobots,buttherobotshebuildtodaydon’tlooklikethestrangerobotpeopleinhisbooks.Hebuildrobotsforindustry.Earlyonehemadeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputerssothathecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineering.“Someofthemathisverydifficult.”sayDavid,“butyoumuststudymathtobeanengineer.”Fortunatelyhegottopmarksinallhismathexams.1.Emilydoesn’twanttobeadentistbecause_________.A.thepayislowB.shehastobuyspecialtoolsC.shewillbeoutofworkD.shelikesworkingwithhorses2.Tobecomearobotengineer,David_________.A.needtoworryB.boughtalotofrobotsC.hadtostudyhardD.didn’thavetogotocollege3.Davidgottopmarksinallhismathexams,although_________.A.mathwasnoteasytostudyB.hehastostudymathtobeanengineerC.hecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineeringD.hemadeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputers（2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷）（2）OnedaywhenJackwaswalkinginthepark,hesawawoman,wholivedafewmilesaway,sittingonabenchwithadogbesideher.Thedogwaslookingupatthewoman.Jackwalkeduptothewomanandsaid,Hello,Sue,howareyou?MayIsitandtalkwithyouforawhile?Ofcourse,pleasesitdown,Suesaid.JacksatdownnexttoSueonthebench,andtheytalkedquietlytogether.ThedogcontinuedtolookupatSue,asifwaitingtobefed.That'sanicedog,isn'the?Jacksaid,pointingattheanimal.Yes,heis.He'shandsome.He'sabitofamixture,butthat'snotabadthing.He'sstrongandhealthy.Andhungry,Jacksaid.Hehasn'ttakenhiseyesoffyou.Hethinksyou'vegotsomefoodforhim.That'strue,Suesaid.ButIhaven't.TheybothlaughedandthenJacksaid,Doesyourdogbite?No,Suesaid,He'sneverbittenanyone.He'salwaysgentleandfriendly.Hearingthis,Jackdecidedtoholdouthishandandtouchedtheanimal'shead.Suddenlyitjumpedupandbithim.Hey!Jackshouted.Yousaidyourdogdidn'tbite.Suerepliedinsurprise,Yeah,Idid.Butthisisnotmydog.Mydog'sathome.4.Thedoglookedatthewomanbecause_________.A.thewomanwantedtofeedhimB.thewomanwasfriendlyC.hewasstrongandhealthyD.hewashungry5.JackandSuewere_________.A.friendsB.next-doorneighborsC.strangersD.inthesamefamily6.Jacktouchedthedogbecausehebelieved_________.A.thedogwashandsomeB.Sue'sdogwasunfriendlyC.thedogbelongedtoSueD.Sue'sdogwasathome7.Wecaninferformthepassagethat_________.A.SuegaveawronganswerB.JackmadeamistakeC.thedogwasn'tdangerousD.bothJackandSuelikedthedog8.WhichoftheFollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AWrongQuestionB.Sue'sDogC.ApleasantMeetingD.Sue'sFriend（2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试）参考答案：1~5DCADA6~8CBA二、社会文化类【命题趋势】语言是社会文化的重要载体。学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势：1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。【应试对策】对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说，应具备2000－3500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。【典型考题】（1）第一节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。（10分）BeijingOperaisalsocalledPekingOpera.Itcameintobeingafter1790whenthefamousfourAnhuioperatroupes(戏班)cametoBeijing.Itsmusicandsinging(唱腔)comefromXipiandErhuanginAnhuiandHubei.Itscostumesareallfascinatingandartistic.ItisthehighestexpressionoftheChineseculture.It’sfulloffamousstories,beautifulfacialpaintings,andwonderfulgesturesandfighting.ThiskindofoperaisverypopularwithChinesepeople.TherearefourmainrolesinBeijingOpera:Sheng,Dan,JingandChou.Shengistheleadingmale(男性)actor.Forexample,aWushengisasoldierorfighter.AXiaoshengisayoungman.ALaoshengisanoldman.Danisthefemale(女性)role.Jing,mostlymale,istheface-paintedroleandChouisthecomedyactororclown.StoriesinBeijingOperaareveryinteresting.Someofthemarefromthehistorybook,butmostofthemarefromtheliterature,especiallyfamousnovels.Thepeopleinthestoryusuallyhavesomedisagreements.Theybecomeangryandunhappy.Theyaresadandlonely.Sometimestheyarenervousandworried.Thentheyfindawaytomakepeace.Thestoriesusuallyendwithhappinessandlaughterandpeopleareallhappyintheend.()56.BeijingOpera’ssingingisfro