词汇学必备考点练习

Unit11.单选题1.Asfarastheoriginsofthewordsareconcerned,Englishwordscanbeclassifiedinto_B_.A.contentwordsandfunctionalwordsB.nativewordsandborrowedwordsC.basicwordsandborrowedwordsD.loanwordsanddialectalwords2.Awordis___A_ofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.A.aminimalfreeformB.abasicpartC.aminimalelementD.afreeelement3.Englishlexicologyembraces__A_,semantics,etymology,stylistics,andlexicography.A.morphologyB.phonologyC.syntaxD.pragmatics4.Theinternalreasonforthedifferencebetweensoundandformis__D___.A.innovationsmadebylinguistsB.influenceoftheworkofscribesC.stabilizationofspellingbyprintingD.thefactofmorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish5.Therelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningis__C___andconventional.A.logicalB.objectiveC.arbitraryD.consistent6.Pronounsand__C___aresemanticallymonosemousandhavelimitedproductivityandcollocability.A.adverbsB.adjectivesC.numeralsD.prepositions7.Whichofthefollowingisnotafunctionalword?(D)A.throughB.ButC.theyD.four8.Listedinthecoursebookare___C__featuresofnativewords.A.FiveB.SixC.sevenD.eight9.___A__areborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.A.AliensB.DenizensC.Semantic-loansD.Neologisms10.ThewordsborrowedfromFrenchorLatinaremostly__B___.A.neutralB.FormalC.colloquialD.informal11.Therewas__A__agreementbetweensoundandforminOldEnglishthaninModernEnglish.A.moreB.littleC.lessD.abitmore12.Nonbasicvocabularyincludesallofthefollowingexcept__B___.A.neologismsB.Anglo-SaxonwordsC.archaismsD.technicaltermsII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsgiveninthecoursebook.1.Etymologyistraditionallyusedforthestudyofthe__origins___andhistoryoftheformandmeaningofwords.2.Therearegenerallytwoapproachestothestudyofwords,namely_synchronic_anddiachronic.3.Englishlexicologyisa___Theoretically-oriented__courseandapracticalcourseaswell.4.Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsand__meanings___ofwords.5.____Stylistics______isthestudyofstyle.Itisconcernedwiththeuser’schoicesoflinguisticelementsinaparticularcontextforspecialeffects.6.Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundand_____meaning______andsyntacticfunction.7.Awordisa___symbol______thatstandsforsomethingelseintheworld.8.Allthewordsinalanguagemakeupits_vocabulary____.9.Thebasicwordstockisthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommon____core________ofthelanguage.10.Wordsmayfallintocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsby_notion____.11._Argot____generallyreferstothejargonofcriminals.12.Theword“internet”isa____neologism____,buttheword“calculus”isatechnicalterm.13.NativewordsarewordsbroughttoBritaininthefifthcenturybythe___Germanic_tribes.14.Accordingtothedegreeof_assimilation____andmannerofborrowing,wecanbringtheloan-wordsunderfourclasses.15.____Denizens_____arewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.III.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.Awordisthesmallestmeaningfulunitofalanguage.(F)2.Indifferentlanguagesthesameconceptcanberepresentedbydifferentsounds.(T)3.Undernocircumstancescansoundandmeaningbelogicallyrelated.(F)4.Prepositions,conjunctions,numeralsandarticlesallbelongtofunctionalwords.(F)5.Lexicographyshareswithlexicologythesameproblems:theform,meaning,originsandusagesofwords.(T)6.Contentwordsarenumerousandmorefrequentlyusedthanfunctionalwordsonaverage.(F)7.Thebasicwordstockenjoysthesamefeaturesasnativewords.(F)8.ItisestimatedthatEnglishborrowingsconstitute80percentofthemodernEnglishvocabulary.(T)9.Theexpressionof“blackhumour”from“humournoir”isregardedasasemantic-loan.(F)(tran.)10.Theword“port”from“portus”isatranslation-loan.(F)(sem.)11.Suchwordsaskowtow,bazaarandketchuparealiens.(F)(ketchuptran.)12.WordsofAnglo-Saxonoriginaresmallinnumber,amountingtoroughly50,000to60,000.(T)13.Awordcanbedefinedindifferentwaysfromdifferentpointsofview.(T)14.Whentheword“persuader”means“dagger”(匕首）,itisregardedasanargotword.(T)15.Wordsofthebasicwordstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.(T)IV.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisthepubliclyaccepteddefinitionofaword?(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage;(2)asoundunity;(3)aunitofmeaning;(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence.Therefore,wecansaythat‘awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction’.2.Whataccountsforthedifferencesbetweensoundandform?fourmajorreasons.TheinternalreasonforthisisthattherearemorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish.Anotherreasonisthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspelling.Thethirdreasonisthatsomeofthedifferenceswerecreatedbytheearlyscribes.Thefourthreasonisborrowing.3.Whatistherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning?Giveexamplestoillustrateit.Therelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningisalmostalwaysarbitraryandconventional,andthereisnologicalrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning.Thesameconceptcanberepresentedbydifferentsoundsindifferentlanguages.Forexample,‘woman’becomes‘Frau’inGermanand‘femme’inFrench.Ontheotherhand,thesamesound/mi:t/isusedtomean‘meat’,‘meet’,and‘mete’.4.HowareEnglishwordsclassified?Englishwordscanbeclassifie