《白鲸》中的象征主义与主题意义探析

毕业设计(论文)课题名称（英文）OntheSymbolismandThematicSignificanceinMobyDick（中文）《白鲸》中的象征主义与主题意义探析学生姓名魏伟聪学号0940501095系、年级专业外语系2009级英语专业指导教师陈红职称教授2013年5月26日IOntheSymbolismandThematicSignificanceofMobyDickWeiWeicongGrade2009,departmentofforeignstudies,ShaoyangUniversitySupervisedbyChenHongAbstractHermanMelvilleisnotonlyoneofthemostoutstandingnoveliststhatcanstandforthelaterperiodofAmericanromanticism,butalsoaninfluentialfigureintheworldofletters.MobyDick,whichwaspublishedin1815,ishismasterpiece.Althoughthenovelgainedcontemporarypeople’smorecriticismthanappreciation,ithasnowbeenconsideredasoneofbestAmericannovelsandaclassicalworkinworldliterature.Thispapermakesananalysisoftherelationshipsbetweenmanandman,manandnatureinMobyDickwiththetheoryofsymbolismtorevealitsprofoundthematicsignificance.Thispaperiscomposedofthreeparts.ThepartofintroductiongivesageneralsurveyofHermanMelvilleandhismasterpieceMobyDickaswellasliteraryviewsaboutthenovelathomeandabroad,thebasicframeworkofthearticleandtheguidingsignificanceofthistheorytothispaper.Themainbodyincludesthreeparts.ThefirstpartmainlyintroducestheAmericansocialbackgroundwhenMobyDickwaspublishedandthedefinitionanddevelopmentofsymbolismtheory.Thesecondpartanalysesthesymbolicmeaningoftherelationshipsbetweenmanandman,manandnature.Thethirdpartexcavatesthethemeoftheauthor’scriticismtotheoppressioninthesocietyandtheman’scrazyplundertonatureaccordingtotheoryofsymbolism.Thelastpartistheconclusion.ItpointsoutsymbolismplaysanimportantroleinrevealingthethematicsignificanceofMobyDick.KeyWord:HermanMelville;MobyDick;symbolism;thematicmeaningII《白鲸》中的象征主义和主题意义探析魏伟聪邵阳学院外语系2009级指导老师：陈红摘要赫尔曼·麦尔维尔不仅是美国后期浪漫主义的杰出代表，同时也是世界文坛颇具影响的人物。出版于1851年的《白鲸》是麦尔维尔的代表作。尽管同时代的人对它褒少贬多，但该书今天已被列为美国最佳小说之一，也被公认为世界文学宝库的经典之作。本文运用象征主义理论探析《白鲸》中人与人、人与自然的关系以揭示其深刻的主题意义。全文分为引言、正文和结论三部分：引言简要介绍作者的生平、《白鲸》一书的内容梗概和《白鲸》的国内外研究现状以及本文的主要内容和基本框架。正文包括三部分：第一部分主要介绍《白鲸》出版时的社会背景和象征主义理论的定义和发展以及该理论对本文的指导意义。第二部分运用象征主义理论分析作品中人与人、人与自然的关系的象征意义。第三部分根据象征主义理论并结合小说文本揭示作者对社会中存在的压迫以及人类对大自然疯狂掠夺的批判的主题。结论部分总结《白鲸》中象征主义在揭示主题意义中的重要作用。关键词：赫尔曼·麦尔维尔；《白鲸》；象征主义；主题意义；ContentsAbstract................................................................................................................................Ⅰ中文摘要...............................................................................................................................ⅡIntroduction...........................................................................................................................11.BriefIntroductionofTimesBackgroundandSymbolismTheory................31.1TimesBackgroundoftheNovel……………………………………………...............31.2TheDefinitionandDevelopmentofSymbolismTheory.....................................42.TheSymbolicMeaningsofRelationshipsbetweenManandMan,ManandNatureinMobyDick……………………………………………………………..62.1TheSymbolicMeaningofRelationshipbetweenManandMan.......................62.2TheSymbolicSenseofRelationshipbetweenManandNature.........................83.TheThematicSignificanceofMobyDick...............................................................93.1TheCriticismofOppressionintheSociety…………………….............................93.2TheCritiqueofMan’sCrazyPlundertoNature...................................................10Conclusion............................................................................................................................10Bibliography........................................................................................................................12Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................131OntheSymbolismandThematicSignificanceofMobyDickWeiWeicongGrade2009,departmentofforeignstudies,ShaoyangUniversitySupervisedbyChenHongIntroductionAsweknow,MobyDickisoneofthegreatestnovelsin19thAmericanromanticism.Itisnotonlytheclassicworkaboutwhalingindustrybutalsoconsideredasanencyclopediaofeverything,history,philosophy,industryetc.ThisnovelstatesastoryabouttheendlesshuntingandtherelentlessmassacreintheseathroughawanderingyoungmannamedIshmael.ItpresentstypicalimageofCaptainAhabwhobearsenormousgrudgesagainstMobyDick,livingbeingsthatshearsoffoneofhislegsonaperviousvoyageinthesea,CaptainAhabchasesiteverywheresoastorevengeforhim,butallcrewandevenAhabexceptforthenarratoralldie.Whenitwaspublished,criticismoccupiedthelion’sration.Becauseofit,HermanMelville’spopularitygraduallybottomedout.Melvillewasalsoneglectedbytheworldatthattime.However,astimewenton,moreandmorepeoplerecognizeditstremendousvalue.Sometimeswecantakeonitasashiningtreasurytoexploreit.HermanMelvillewasborninaCalvinistfamilyinNewYorkCityin1819.HewasthesonofanimporterwhoranbusinessaboutFrenchtextile.Whereas,hisfatherlaterwentbankruptandfinallydiedintheyearof1832.Sincethenhehaslivedagonizinglivesandleftschoolattheageoffifteen.Hewasabankclerk,asalesman,afarm–handonhisuncle’sfarmandaschoolteacher.Inordertolivebetterlives,hehadtochoosetogotoseaasacabinboyin1839.Itgaveanabundantsourcematerialforthecreationoffiction.In1841,MelvillewenttotheSout