牛津高中英语模块一unit2-Grammar-and-usage

1.Theattributiveclauseintroducedbyprep.+which2.Theattributiveclauseintroducedbyprep.+whomAttributiveclausesintroducedby“preposition+which/whom”—Whatarethepictureusedfor?—TheyarepicturesfromwhichyoucanknowmoreaboutthegrowingpainsinUnitTwo.Look!HereisamapfromwhichwecanknowmoreaboutChina.—Whatisthis?—Itisawonderfulsceneryfromwhichwecanknowmuchaboutthemountains.—Lookatthem.Theylovestheirkidssomuch.—ButIdon’tliketheway(inwhich/that/-)theytreattheirkid.关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1.Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?2.Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?3.Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.介词的选用原则1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：①ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8yuan.②ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8yuan.spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：①IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.③IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在month前介词要用in3)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?4)根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’mnotsure？以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich/--)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。②Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。③Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。④Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhich(=ofwhichthree)areaboutcountrylife.迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。Exercises介词加关系代词引导的定语从句1.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich2.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis3.Ihavemanyfriends,______somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom4.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich5.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,____wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich6.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_____Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which题3、4、5、6考查考生对“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的掌握及其灵活运用情况。1.Doyoulikethebook_________shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?onwhichUseproperprepositionsandrelativepronounstofillintheblanks.forwhich3.Doyoulikethebook__________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook___________sheoftentalks?5.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.fromwhichaboutwhichofwhich6.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.7.Thisisthebook_____Iamlookingfor.towhomwhichMatcheachsentencewithanending.Answers:1.___2.___3.____4.____5.___6.___7.____8.____cdbaehfgCompleteeachsentenceusinganattributiveclause.Answers:1.________________________________2.________________________________3.________________________________4.________________________________5.________________________________________________________________(which)IknowverylittleaboutinwhichIboughtmyfavoritedressaboutwhichItoldyouaboutlastweekFromwhomIgotthecupFromwhomwelearnhowtowritewithbrushesTheattributiveclauseintroducedbywhen,whereandwhy.—Look!Whatdayisittoday?Whyaretheygettingtogetheragain?—TodayisMarch,12thwhenpeoplegettogethertoplanttrees!----Whereisit?----Itisthebasketballcourt.Itisaplacewherewecanplaybasketballindoors.----ThatisMrs.Greenandshehasaskedforaleaveforhergivingabirthtoherkid.----Thatisthereasonwhyshedoesn’tcometoworkasusual.1.定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when作时间状语；where作地点状语；why作原因状语。如：定语从句中关系副词的用法Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作时间状语，意为onthedaywhere作地点状语，意为intheplacewhy作原因状语，意为forthereason3.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when,where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。如：Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.which在定语从句中作宾语比较:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.比较:Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.4.关系副词when,where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。when相当于“at/in/during…+which”where相当于“in/at/on…+which”why相当于“for+which”如：Isthisthedaywhen/onwhichIvisitedthemuseum?Pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhere/onwhichhecaneasilyfindit.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcometothemeeting.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.句中when相当于onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如：ThisistheroomwhereLuXunoncelived.句中when相当于inwhichDetailedexplanationwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如：why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。如：Doyouknowthereasonw