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小学英语语法总结•一.名词•1、名词的数•名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:•名词的复数•一)在后面加s。•如:fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas•二)x,sh,ch,s,后加es。•如:boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes•三)•1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。•如:baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,story-stories•2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways•四)以o结尾加s(无生命的名词)。•如:radios,photos,•但如果是有生命的加es。•如:tomatoes,potatoes•五)以f或fe结尾的变f或fe为v再加es(s)。•如:knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves•六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese•七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks•八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:•police警察局,警察•class班,同学•family家,家庭成员•九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。•如:actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;•但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。•如:mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers•十)有的单复数意思不同。如:•fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,•paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文,•work工作works作品,工厂,•glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,•orange桔子水oranges橙子,•light光线lights灯,•people人peoples民族,•time时间times时代,次数,•chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡•十一)特殊形式的有:•child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen•2、名词的格•当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:•一)单数在后面加’s。•如:brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s•二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。•如:Teachers’Day教师节,classmates’;Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay三八节•三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。•如:MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)•二、代词人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词•第一人称•主宾形名反•单数Imemyminemyself•复数weusouroursourselves•第二人称•主宾形名反•单数youyouyouryoursyourself•复数youyouyouryoursyourselves•第三人称•单数•主宾形名反•Sheherherhersherself•hehimhishishimself•Itititsitsitself•复数•Theythemtheirtheirsthemselves•三、动词•动词的第三人称单数•A)第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:•一)一般在词后加s。•如:comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains•二)在x,sh,ch,s后加es。•如:watches,washes,wishes,finishes•三)•1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es•如:study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries•2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。•如:plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys•四)以o结尾加es。•如:does,goes•五)特殊的有:are-is,have-has•现在分词•B)现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:•一)一般在后加ing。•如:spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing•二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。•如:dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having•三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。•如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning•四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。•如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于•四、形容词的级•我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:•一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。•如:greater-greatest,shorter–shortest,taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest•二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。•如:big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest•三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。•如:happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest•四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)•good/well-betterbest•many/much-moremost•bad/ill–worseworst•little-lessleast•old-older/elderoldest/eldest•far-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest•五、数词•(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,特殊;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i,eth跟上去。)•first,second,third;•fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;•twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth•英语句式•1.陈述句•肯定陈述句•a)Thisisabook.(be动词)•b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)•c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)•d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)•e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)•否定陈述句•a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.•b)Theydon’tlooknice.•c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.•d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.•e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)•2.祈使句•肯定祈使句•a)Pleasegoandasktheman.•b)Let’slearnEnglish!•c)Comein,please.•否定祈使句•a)Don’tbelate.•b)Don’thurry.•3.疑问句•1)一般疑问句•a)IsJimastudent?•b)CanIhelpyou?•c)Doesshelikesalad?•肯定回答:•a)Yes,heis.•b)Yes,youcan.•c)Yes,shedoes.•否定回答:•a)No,heisn’t.•b)No,youcan’t.•c)No,shedoesn’t.•2)选择疑问句•Isthetablebigorsmall?•回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.•3)特殊疑问句•①问年龄HowoldisLucy?•②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?•③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?•④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?•⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?•⑥问时间What’sthetime?•⑦问地方Where’sthenearestpostoffice?•⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?•⑨问人物Who’sthat?•⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?•11.问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?•12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?•13问字母Whatletterisit?•14问价格Howmucharethesepants?•15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?•16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?•17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?•英语时态•1、一般现在时•表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时。•Be动词:She’saworker.•情态动词:Icanplaythepiano.•行为动词:Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.•2、现在进行时•表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.•I’mplayingbaseball.•IsNancywritingaletter?•They’relisteningtothepopmusic.
本文标题:48小学英语全部语法总结
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