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高三英语总复习之基本句型一、句子成分主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。MissYangisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)主补:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)TowearafloweristosayI’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)(常见的连系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...等等)Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.二、Exercises:(一)分析下列句子成分:1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.7.Iloveyoumorethanher,child.8.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous;helpyourselftowhatyoulike.16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow.18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.21.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.22.ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany.23.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit'shardformetofindhim.24.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfillitthismonth.25.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.26.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.27.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.28.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?29.Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.30.Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim?(二)请说出下列短文各句中的句子成分:Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.(三)给下列短文加上标点符号:Duringabullfightadrunksuddenlywanderedintothemiddleoftheringthecrowdbegantoshoutbutthedrunkdidn'trealizedthedangerthebullwasbusywiththematador(斗牛士)atthetimebutitsuddenlycaughtsightofthedrunkwhowaswearingaredcapthebullforgotallaboutthematadorandrushedtothedrunkthecrowdsuddenlygrewquietthedrunkhoweverseemedquitesureofhimselfwhenthebullgotclosehimhesteppedasidetoletitpassthecrowdburstintocheersandthedrunkbowedbythistimehoweverthreemenhadcomeintotheringandtheyquicklydraggedthedrunkoutsideeventhebullseemedtofellsorryforhimforitlookedonsympatheticallyuntilthedrunkwasoutofthewaybeforeoncemoredrewitsattentiontothematador.三、简单句的基本句型1.主语+谓语本结构是由“主语+不及物动词(词组)”构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如,Shecame./Myheadaches./Thesunrises.该句型的主语可有修饰语---定语,如,Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语---状语,如,Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.主语+谓语+宾语此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词,动名词、动词不定式或词组、the+形容词、分词以及从句等。如
本文标题:高三英语总复习之基本句型
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