智利的经济政策与发展模式

200510Oct12005275JournalofLatinAmericanStudiesVol127No152090,,,,,,,,,,;,;1990,30,,,,,,,2090,,,,,,19912000616%(19902003516%),(313%)1,,???,,,,,:20050719:,,,(,100007)1973,:19741982,19831989,1990,,,,,,,,(197394%1979610%,),,(),:,(),,,,19751982(21219%21413%),1974ManuelR1Agosin,ComercioyCrecimientoenChile,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiagodeChile,Agosto1999,p1801CEPAL,BalancePreliminardelasEconomiasdeAmricaLatinayelCaribe,SantiagodeChile,20001Vol127No15Oct1200512©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(unadesviacindelaortodoxianeoliberal):1982,7080,(1),1982,10%,1984935%19853,199111%,1984198920%,198019821(2)(sistemadereintegro),(3)1983,(paridadreptante),,,,19821988130%,80,,,,,,8080,10,19801990111%,310%,1171990,J1:,,1990,,(),,(unEstadomasactivo),-:,70,,16,1979,,,,,,,1990,,,,90,,,,,,R1Ffrench-Davis,ElImpactodelasExportacionessobreelCrecimientoenChile,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiadodeChile,Abril2002,p1149,nota51JosephRamos,UnBalancedelasReformasEstructuralesNeoliberalesenAmricaLatina,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiagodeChile,Agosto1997,p1181CEPAL,AnuarioEstadsticodeAmricaLatinayelCaribe,2001,SantiagodeChile,p1681R1Ffrench2Davis,ElImpactodelasExportacionessobreelCrecimientoenChile,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiagodeChile,Abril2002,pp1144-145113©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(encaje)(,)90,19961997,,199519971016%,1999,,,90:199019941010%,19951998915%,19992001713%,19916,,()30%1,,,,,2001,,,;,,,,,,,;,,,,,(fondodeestabilizacin),GDP1%,9027%28%,,;,,,90,,19982002,1989GDP4318%20021519%(1),(CORFO);CORFO,;,AlbertoArenasdeMesayJulioGuzmanCox,PolticaFiscalyProteccinSocialenChile,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiagodeChile,No181,Diciembre2003,p11261GuillermoLeFortV1ySergioLehmann,ElEncajeylaEntradaNetadeCapitales:ChileenelDeceniode1990,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiagodeChile,No181,Diciembre2003,p1351R1Ffrench-Davis,ElImpactodelasExportacionessobreelCrecimientoenChile,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiagodeChile,No176,Abril2002,p1157,cuadro41Vol127No15Oct1200514©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2)1993(FAT),,(3)1991(FONTEC),(4),1995,,1998(FONCAP),,,,,,,:,,(GDP2%),415%,(),,30%,(Estado),,90,,1015,90,,,GDP115%,30%40%:()10,,,,90,90,:,,90,,,,,,,,(1),,();;;;,(2),,(3)::,,RalGonzlez,TresDcadasdeunNuevoOrdenEconmico:Chile,197322003,RevistaEuropeadeEstudiosLatinoamericanosydelCaribe,CEDLA,Amsterdam,PasesBajos,No177,Octubrede2004,p1651JosephRamos,UnBalancedelasReformasEstructuralesNeoliberalesenAmricaLatina,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiagodeChile,Agosto1997,p1191CeciliaAlarconyGiovanniRtumpo,PolticasparaPequeÌasyMedianasEmpresasenChile,RevistadelaCEPAL,SantiagodeChile,No174,Agosto2001,p1175115©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(4)(5),,:,,,30,,,,,,,,:,,,,(1P10),10,80,,,,,,8090,,,;();;,;,60,GDP9%,90,30%,(1)(),2000,10,63%,1998,3015%,5515%,14%,(2),,,,,(3),,90,,,20%95%;50%(22)CEPAL,AnuarioEstadsticodeAmricaLatinayelCaribe,2001,SantiagodeChile,pp1124-1251RalGonzlez,TresDcadasdeunNuevoOrdenEconmico:Chile,197322003,RevistaEuropeadeEstudiosLatinoamericanosydelCar2ibe,CEDLA,Amsterdam,PasesBajos,No177,Octubrede2004,p1691Vol127No15Oct1200516©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()1.CEPAL,BalancePreliminardelasEconomasdeAmricaLatinayelCaribe2002,Diciembre200212.CEPAL,EstudioEconmicodeAmricaLatinayelCaribe20022200313.CEPAL,PanoramaSocialdeAmricaLatina2004,Noviembre200414.IMF,WorldEconomicOutlook,September200315.EIU,CountryReport:Argentina,June2002,March200516.EIU,CountryReport:Chile,June200517.:2001,,,20018.:,,,19989.:,,,1993(16),5,9%,,,,()11:,,,198721FernandoFajnzylber,LaIndustrializacinTruncadeAmricaLatina,EditorialNuevaImagen,Mxico2Caracas2BuenosAires,1983131CRPyILPES,ReflexionessobreelDasarrolloylaResponsabilidaddelEstado,SantiagodeChile,1998141JohnSheahan,ModelosdeDesarrolloenAmricaLatina,EditorialAlianza,Mxico,1990151CEPAL,PanoramadelaInsercinInternacionaldeAmricaLatinayelCaribe,200222003,SantiagodeChile161CEPAL,BalancePreliminardelasEconomasdeAmricaLatinayelCaribe,2004,SantiagodeChile1Vol127No15Oct1200522©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(BIMONTHLY)Vol127No15Oct12005AbstractsWhyIncomeDistributioninLatinAmericaIsSoUnequal(pp.3-11)Intermsofincomedistribution,LatinAmericaisthemostunequalregionintheworld.Unequalincomedistributionhashinderedeconomicdevelopmentbysuffocatingdomesticdemandandcausedlotsofsocialproblemsandpoliticalinstability.SeveralcausescanexplainwhyincomedistributioninLatinAmericaissounequal1(1)Thehistoricalfactorcouldbefoundintheconcentratedlandownership.(2)Importsubstitutionindustrialization(ISI)inLatinAmericawascharacterizedbybeingcapital2intensiveandtechnology2intensive.Thisfeaturehadadetrimentalimpactonjobcre