生物化学与分子生物学名词中英文对照表

分子生物学adenine(A)腺嘌呤base碱基guanine(G)鸟嘌呤nudeotide核苷酸cytosine(C)胞嘧啶nucleoside核苷uracil(U)尿嘧啶thymine(T)胸腺嘧啶basepair碱基对phosphodiesterlinkage磷酸二酯键nucleosome核小体ribosome核糖体ribosomalRNA(rRNA)核糖体RNAtransferRNA(tRNA)转运RNAmessengerRNA(mRNA)信使RNAthecentraldogma中心法则semiconservativereplication半保留复制DNAdependentDNApolymerase依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶mitochondriaDNA线粒体DNAexonuclease核酸外切酶incorporation掺入helicase解螺旋酶DNAtopoisomeraseDNA拓扑异构酶singlestrandedDNAbindingprotein单链DNA结合蛋白gyrase旋转酶primosome引发体primase引物酶DNAligaseDNA连接酶origin起始点bidirectionalreplication双向复制replicon复制子leadingstrand领头链laggingstrand随从链Okazakifragment冈崎片段rollingcirclereplication滚环复制telomerase端粒酶mutation突变nuclease核酸酶salvagepathway补救合成denovosynthesis从头合成uricacid尿酸inosine肌苷dimer二聚体mismatch错配excissionrepairing切除修复recombinationrepairing重组修复reversetranscriptase逆转录酶integration整合ribozyme核酶DNAdependentRNApolymerase依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶codingstrand编码链templatestrand模板链coreenzyme核心酶holoenzyme全酶operon操纵子promoter启动子PribnowboxPribnow盒transactingfactor反式作用因子transcriptionalfactor转录因子sternloop茎环hairpin发夹primarytranscripts初级转录产物post-transcriptionalmodification转录后修饰hetero-nuclearRNAhnRNAsmallnuclearRNAsnRNAsplitgene断裂基因exon外显子intron内含子selfsplicing自我剪接translation翻译codon密码子initiationcodon起始密码terminationcodon终止密码code密码ribozymecycle核糖体循环adaptor转换器post-translationalprocessing翻译后加工interferon干扰素antibiotics抗生素anticodon反密码子releasingfactor释放因子wobblepairing摇摆配对degeneracy简并性signalpeptide信号肽secretoryprotein分泌性蛋白质elongationfactor延长因子streptomycin链霉素tetracycline四环素chloromycetin氯霉素puromycin嘌呤霉素cycloheximide防线菌酮promoter启动子lacoperon乳糖操纵子temporalspecificity时间特异性spatialspecificity空间特异性housekeepinggene管家基因constitutiveexpression组成性基因表达induction诱导repression阻遏operator操纵序列cis-actingelement顺式作用元件trans-actingfactor反式作用因子repressor阻遏物activator激活物catabolitegeneactivationproteinCAP分解代谢物基因激活蛋白attenuation转录衰减attenuator衰减子enhance增强子generaltranscriptionfactor基本转录因子zincfinger锌指transformation转化transfection转染transduction转导transposition转座transposon转座子recombination重组homologousrecombination同源重组clone克隆cloning克隆化copy拷贝geneticengineering基因工程restrictionendonulease限制性内切酶cloningrector基因载体plasmid质粒complementaryDNA，cDNA互补DNAmolecularmedicine分子医学genetherapy基因治疗genomicDNAlibrary基因组DNA文库signaltransduction信号转导hormone激素receptor受体secondarymessenger第二信使ligand配体guanylatebindingprotein鸟苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白)adenylatecyclase腺苷酸环化酶proteinkinaseA蛋白激酶AcAMPresponseelement，CREcAMP应答元件proteinkinaseC蛋白激酶Ccalmoduline，CaM钙调蛋白tyrosine-proteinkinase，TPK酪氨酸蛋白激酶autophosphorylation自身磷酸化proteinphosphatase蛋白磷酸酶crosstalk交联对话生物化学1章randomcoil无规卷曲threonine苏氨酸motif模体valine缬氨酸zincfinger锌指结构leucine亮氨酸chaperon分子伴侣lysine赖氨酸tertiarystructure三级结构phenylalanine苯丙氨酸domain结构域methionine蛋氨酸fibronectin纤连蛋白histine组氨酸quaternarystructure四级结构arginine精氨酸subunit亚基tyrosine酪氨酸myoglobin肌红蛋白cysteine半胱氨酸hemoglobin(Hb)血红蛋白alanine丙氨酸allostericeffect变构效应glycine甘氨酸denaturation变性serine丝氨酸renaturation复性asparticacid天冬氨酸proteincoagulation蛋白质凝固asparagine天冬酰胺ninhydrinreaction茚三酮反应glutamicacid谷氨酸biuretreaction双缩脲反应glutamine谷氨酰胺saltprecipitation盐析isoelectricpoint等电点electrophoresis电泳peptidebond肽键dialysis透析glutathione(GSH)谷胱甘肽chromatography层析neuropeptide神经肽gelfiltration凝胶过滤conformation空间构象ultracentrifugation超速离心aminoacidsequence氨基酸序列sedimentationcoefficient(S)沉降系数2章purine嘌呤deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)脱氧核糖核酸pyrimidine嘧啶ribonucleicacid(RNA)核糖核酸adenine(A)腺嘌呤guanine(G)鸟嘌呤nudeotide核苷酸cytosine(C)胞嘧啶nucleoside核苷uracil(U)尿嘧啶thymine(T)胸腺嘧啶phosphodiesterlinkage磷酸二酯键nucleosome核小体ribosome核糖体hybridization杂交geneticcode遗传密码doublehelix双螺旋supercoil超螺旋probe探针ribosomalRNA(rRNA)核糖体RNAtransferRNA(tRNA)转运RNAmessengerRNA(mRNA)信使RNA3章biocatalyst生物催化剂proximityeffect邻近效应enzyme酶orientationarrange定向排列substrate底物multielementcatalysis多元催化monomericenzyme单体酶surfaceeffect表面效应oligomericenzyme寡聚酶rectangularhyperbola矩形双曲线Multienzymesystem多酶体系Michaelisequation米氏方程式multifunctionalenzyme多功能酶Michaelisconstant(Km)米氏常数tandemenzyme串联酶maximumvelocity(Vmax)最大反应速度simpleenzyme单纯酶movernumber转换数conjugatedenzyme结合酶doublereciprocalplot双倒数作图法apoenzyme酶蛋白optimumtemperature最适温度cofactor辅助因子optimumpH最适pHholoenzyme全酶inhibitor抑制剂metalloenzyme金属酶irreversibleinhibition不可逆性抑制metalactivatedenzyme金属激活酶reversibleinhibition可逆性抑制coenzyme辅酶competitiveinhibition竞争性抑制prostheticgroup辅基non-competitiveinhibition非竞争性抑制essentialgroup必需基团uncompetitiveinhibition反竞争性抑制activecenter活性中心activator激活剂bindinggroup结合基团essentialactivator必需激活剂catalyticgroup催化基团non-essentialactivator非必需激活剂activationenergy活化能katal(kat)催量(开特)specificity特异性zymogen酶原absolutespecificity绝对特异性allostericsite变构部位relativespecificity相对特异性allostericregulation变构调节stereospecificity立体异构特异性allostericenzyme变构酶induced-fithypothesis诱导契合学说allostericeffector变构效应剂transitionstate过渡态allostericactivator变构激活剂oxidoreductase氧化还原酶allostericinhibitor变构抑制剂tmnsferase转移酶covalentmodification共价修饰hydrolase水解酶inducer诱导剂lyase裂解酶corepressor辅阻遏剂isomerase异构酶lactatedehydrogenase(LDH)乳酸脱氢酶ligase合成酶creatinekinase(CK)肌酸激酶isoenzyme同工酶TaqDNApolymeraseTaqDNA聚合酶ribozyme(RNAenzyme)核酶immobilizedenzyme固定化酶ratelimitingenzyme限速酶abzyme抗体酶enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)酶联免疫吸附测定法4章starc