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电阻电路的等效变换第一讲电阻的串联和并联电阻Y-变换等效R等效=U/I无源+U_IR等效+U_I任何复杂的网络,引出两个端钮称为二端网络,内部没有独立源的二端网络,称为二端无源网络。定义:任何一个无源二端网络可以用一个电阻等效,称之为入端等效电阻,简写为R等效。电阻电路的等效变换电阻的串联、并联和串并联等效+_R1Rn+_uki+_u1+_unuRku+_Reqi一、电阻串联(SeriesConnectionofResistors)kkeqRiuiuR串联电路的总电阻等于各分电阻之和。1.电路特点:(a)各电阻顺序连接,流过同一电流(KCL);(b)总电压等于各串联电阻的电压之和(KVL)。uRRRu21222.电压的分配公式kkkkkRRiRiRuu电压与电阻成正比uRRuRRueqkkkkuRRRu2111注意方向!+_uR1Rk+_ukiRn例两个电阻分压+_uR1R2+-u1-+u2i二、电阻并联(ParallelConnection)1.电路特点:(a)各电阻两端分别接在一起,两端为同一电压(KVL);(b)总电流等于流过各并联电阻的电流之和(KCL)。由KCL:i=i1+i2++ik++in=u/Requ/Req=i=u/R1+u/R2++u/Rn=u(1/R1+1/R2++1/Rn)即1/Req=1/R1+1/R2++1/RninR1R2RkRni+ui1i2ik_等效+u_iReqGeq=G1+G2+…+Gk+…+Gn=Gk=1/Rk等效电导等于并联的各电导之和R入=1.3∥6.5∥13由G=1/1.3+1/6.5+1/13=1故R=1/G=1131.36.5R入=?2.并联电阻的分流公式eqkeqkkGGRuRuii//iRRRiRRRi2122111/1/1/1iRRRiRRRi2112122/1/1/1电流分配与电导成正比iGGikkkinR1R2RkRni+ui1i2ik_对于两电阻并联R1R2i1i2i三、电阻的串并联R=4∥(2+(3∥6))=2R=(40∥40)+(30∥30∥30)=30403030R例230404030R例14236R解:①用分流方法做②用分压方法做RRIIII2312818141211234V3412124UUURI121V3244RIURI234例1求:I1,I4,U4+_2R2R2R2RRRI1I2I3I412V+_U4+_U2+_U1_四、计算举例RI121例2求a,b两端的入端电阻Rab(b1)解:当b1,Rab0,正电阻正电阻负电阻ui当b1,Rab0,负电阻bIabRººRabI+U_RIRIIIUR)1()(abbb星形联接与三角形联接的电阻的等效变换(Y-变换)三端无源网络向外引出三个端钮的网络,并且内部没有独立源。无源型网络R12R31R23i3i2i1123+++–––u12u23u31Y型网络R1R2R3i1Yi2Yi3Y123+++–––u12Yu23Yu31YT型型R12R31R23i3i2i1123+++–––u12u23u31R1R2R3i1Yi2Yi3Y123+++–––u12Yu23Yu31YY-变换的等效条件i1=i1Yi2=i2Yi3=i3Yu12=u12Yu23=u23Yu31=u31Y等效的条件:R12R31R23i3i2i1123+++–––u12u23u31R1R2R3i1Yi2Yi3Y123+++–––u12Yu23Yu31Y接:用电压表示电流i3=u31/R31–u23/R23i2=u23/R23–u12/R12i1=u12/R12–u31/R31(1)i1+i2+i3=0Y接:用电流表示电压u12Y=R1i1Y–R2i2Yi1Y+i2Y+i3Y=0u23Y=R2i2Y–R3i3Y(2)u31Y=R3i3Y–R1i1Y由式(2)解得i3=u31/R31–u23/R23i2=u23/R23–u12/R12i1=u12/R12–u31/R31(1)1332212Y313Y12Y1RRRRRRRuRui1332213Y121Y23Y2RRRRRRRuRui1332211Y232Y31Y3RRRRRRRuRui(3)根据等效条件,比较式(3)与式(1)中对应项的系数213133113232233212112RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR得Y电阻关系213133113232233212112RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR31R23R12R3R2R1312312233133123121223231231231121GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGYYGG相邻电导乘积用电导表示G31G23G12G3G2G1312312233133123121223231231231121RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR同理可得由Y电阻关系:R31R23R12R3R2R113特例:若三个电阻相等(对称),则有Y3RRRR相邻电阻乘积Y例桥T电路1k1k1k1kRE1/3k1/3k1kRE1/3k1kRE3k3k3k1k1k1k1kRE141+20V903339-110+20V90-i1i例计算90电阻吸收的功率141+20V909999-
本文标题:电路分析-电阻串并联、电阻变换
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