基于RMF理论对超重核结构和合成以及滴线外核的研究-孟杰

:1007-4627(2003)02-0137-11RMF*孟杰1,2,3,张炜2,张焕乔2,4(1,730000;2,100871;3,100080;4,102413):总结和回顾了超重核结构和反应研究的历史和现状,利用形变约束的相对论平均场理论系统计算了实验观测到的Z=102)112号元素的能量随形变的变化,得到了这些核素的基态和鞍点性质,利用Strutinsky壳修正方法研究了壳效应对这些核素的影响.利用所得到的结构信息,计算了相应的冷熔合反应的截面,给出了与实验相仿的结果,得到Z=118号元素的合成截面为23pb,比宏观模型的结果小20倍.讨论了相关物理量对反应截面的影响.同时,还给出了相对论连续谱Hartree-Bogoliubov(RCHB)理论对滴线外核1800Sn的描述.:超重元素;滴线外核;相对论平均场;冷熔合反应截面;壳效应:O571.21+7;O571.6:A1,..,.,30,[1)40].,,,.,,.,.,.2060[1)6].,Nilsson,,,/0[4,5]..,,.Nilsson-Strutinsky,Z=114Z=126,N=184,Z=108N=162.(FRDM)Z=114N=184,N=162,164Z=104,106,108,110[7].,B.,[8)15].SkPSLy7,SkyrmeHartree-Fock-Bo-goliubovZ=126N=184;,,N=162202Vol120,No.220036NuclearPhysicsReviewJune,2003*:2003-01-25;:2003-03-28*:(G2000077407);(10025522,10047001,19935030):(1966-),(),,,,,.[10].,[11]3:114184,120172126184.TM1,Hartree-Bogol-iubov(RCHB)120198,,N=164,172[13,14].:.,.,,.,Oganessian2070(transactinide)[16].,208Pb,.,,MeV,.[17)19],208Pb(62Ni,1n)269110,208Pb(64Ni,1n)271110,209Bi(64Ni,1n)272111208Pb(70Zn,1n)277112GSI110,111112[20)22].Berkeley209Bi(59Co,1n)267110[23].Dubna-LivermoreDubna265Sg159[24],266Sg160[24],267Hs159[25]273110163[26].48Ca244Pu,Dubna289114[27].,241Am(22Ne,4n)259Db259Db,[28],.[29],Hofmann,,Z=102Z=112.,,,Z=1131pb.,GSIGANILBerkeleyDubnaRIKENHIRFL.,.110,111112()20.,/0,.,1pb[22,26],,,[20].,.,Bass[30].,Bass,,.,VonOertzen[31],Hof-mann:,,,[32].,,Bass.Adamian,,,.108)113,,,[33].Extra-push,,,(Extra-push).,[34)36].,114,[37,38]pb.[39],,255No277112(260nb1pb).,293118,[39]#138#20670pb..Berkeley,GSIRIKEN.,1pb[40].,.,(RMF)[39].RMF,Z=100Z=118,,Strutinsky.,.,,Hartree-Bogoliubov(RCHB)200)1000Sn.2RMFRMF[41\,RMF.,,j,,RMF.(20)DiracKlein-Gordon,[42].,,BCS,12/A,.,.,,.,,B2,B4.,CL=0.5,L2B2,B2,B4.L2,RMFB2,B4..,L2$L2=0.01.B20.007,B20.05.,CN,ER,EV,eq,sd,Sn,Bf.208Pb(50Ti,1n)257Rf,1RMF(TM1)256)258RfB2.1,B2,,MeV.B2.:258RfEb(CN,eq)Eb(CN,sd),257RfEb(ER,eq)Eb(ER,sd),256RfEb(EV,eq),12.12RMF208Pb(50Ti,1n)257Rf,NL1,NL3,NLSHTM1258RfEb(CN,eq)Eb(CN,sd),257RfEb(ER,eq)Eb(ER,sd)256RfEb(EV,eq).,Z=100)118,.1RMF(TM1)256)258RfB2#139#2:RMF1208Pb(50Ti,1n)257Rf,RMFEb(CN,eq)/MeVEb(CN,sd)/MeVEb(ER,eq)/MeVEb(ER,sd)/MeVEb(EV,eq)/MeVNL1-1912.69-1899.62-1906.07-1892.32-1900.22NL3-1911.25-1898.94-1904.12-1892.00-1897.56NLSH-1915.98-1904.28-1908.69-1896.91-1901.96TM1-1914.86-1904.35-1907.69-1896.92-1901.102208Pb(50Ti,1n)257Rf,RMFB2B4B2(CN,eq)B4(CN,eq)B2(CN,sd)B4(CN,sd)B2(ER,eq)B4(ER,eq)B2(ER,sd)B4(ER,sd)NL10.300.050.650.610.310.050.650.60NL30.280.040.650.500.300.050.610.58NLSH0.280.040.630.470.280.040.600.49TM10.290.050.620.510.280.050.630.513Strutinsky,,.,,.,.Strutinsky2060[43].Strutinsky:,,,Strutin-sky,,Strutin-sky..ei,g(e),g(e)=E]i=1D(e-ei),N,E=ENi=1ei,…g(e)ŠE=Q…K-]e…g(e)de,StrutinskyEshell=E-ŠE=ENi=1ei-Q…K-]e…g(e)de,(1),…g(e)=1CQ]-]g(e.)fe.-eCdec,C,f:f(x)=1Pe-x2P(x),P(x)=L1/2s(x2)s.ŠE…KN=Q…K-]…g(e)de.,L1/2s(x2)sC,.C,,.s,C,.C=1.2GX,s=3.BCS:Epairing=EBCS-3EPC4=E2eMM2M-$2G-G(EM4M-E1)-E-3EPC4,(2)E,E=E2eM,G.Nilsson#140#20G=1A19.2?7.4N-ZA(MeV),,A,NZ,Gp,Gn.A150,3EPC4=-2.3MeV,.M2M$K3:M2M=121-e.-K(e.-K)2+$2,(3)1G=12E1(e.-K)2+$2,(4)N=E2M2M,(5)e.=e-GM2M,N.:(1)RMF(K+20)MeV(K).,256No(B2=0.62,B4=0.50),FermiK=-6.32MeV,-54.75MeV,[-54.75,13.68]MeV.(2),N=154,N=Q…K-]…g(e)de=1CE]i=1Q…K-]fei-eCde…K=48.56MeV().,N=E]i=11-erf(ti)2-e-t2i48P(57ti-32t3i+4t5i),ti=ei-…KC12256No())Strutinsky…g(e)((),FermiKFermi…K(-#-).2256No(,))Fermi(,-#-),Strutinsky(,))…g(e)(,()Fermi…K(,-#-)(3)E=ENi=1ei=4789.94(MeV)ŠE=Q…K-]e…g(e)de=4787.17(MeV),StrutinskyEshell=E-ŠE=2.77(MeV).(4)Newton-RaphsonBCS,M2M,$K.Epair=E2eMM2M-$2G-G(EM4M-E1)-E-3EPC4.,3258Rf,NL1,NL3,NLSHTM1,RMF.3258Rf,NL1,NL3,NLSHTM1RMFEmic/MeVEnmic/MeVEnmic/MeVEpmic/MeVEpmic/MeVNL14.5281.4730.6721.9090.474NL36.9383.1400.6042.6200.573NLSH6.1942.3070.9472.2060.735TM16.5772.5250.8911.8811.280#141#2:RMF4:.[39],.,..R1n(E)=EKmaxK=0RK(E)P1n,K(E*),(6),R1n(E)E,RK(E)K,P1n,K(E*)E*K.E*E*=E-Q=E-(MCN-MT-MP)c2,(7)TP.KmaxK=Kmax,RK(E)P1n,K(E*)R1n(E)1%.,RK(E).E*Sn(CN),P1n,K.E*Sn(CN)+Sn(ER),;E*Sn(CN)+Bf(ER),.,P1n,K(E*).E*[Sn(CN)P1n,K(E*)0,,Sn(CN)+Sn(ER)Sn(CN)+Bf(ER).R1n(E),EEopt.,,P1n,K.Eopt,:(1)R1n(E)KRK(E)=P$2(2K+1)TK,(8)$=G2/2LE,L=(MTMP/MT+MP),TK,WKB[44]:TK=11+exp(2SK),(9)SK[39]Sl(E)=S0E-G2l(l+1)2LR2fu,(10),Rfu,S0,[44]:S0(E)=2LG2EZTZPe2arccosEBfu-EBfu1-EBfu,(11)BfuRfu:Bfu=ZTZPe2Bfu.(12)RfuR12ZTZP,[39]Rfu=R121-CZTZP,(13)C208Pb(48Ca,1n)255No.,16.70MeV,(260?30)nb.[39]13.28MeV,500nbC=379.17.R12RTRPR12=cTRT+cPRP,(14)cTcP[45]cT=1-72bRT2-498bRT4,cP=1-72bRP2-498bRT4,(15)b=1fm,RTRP[46,47].#142#20(2),[39],E*intE*Erot:E*int=E*-Erot=E*-G2l(l+1)2J,(16)J.:J=J01+516PB2+4528PB22+157P5B2B4,(17)J0=(2/5)ACNmR2CNACNRCN,RCN[47].R1n(E)P1n,K(E*)[48]:P1n,K(E*)=#n#n+#f=(#n/#f)1+(#n/#f),(18),#n#f.Bethe,[48]#n#f=exp(2anE*n-2afE*f),(19),E*n,E*f:E*n=E*int(ER,eq)-Sn(ER),(20)E*f=E*int(CN,sd)-Bf(CN),(21)an,af,MeV-1.[39]an=AER81+Emicro(ER,eq)E*n#1-exp-E*nEDexp-E*nED,(22)af=ACN81+Emicro(CN,sd)E*f#1-exp-E*fEDexp-E*nED,(23),Emic,ED=12.5MeV.[49],RMFStrutinsky,208Pb(48Ca,1n)255NoC.[39],12.83MeV,500nb,C=401.79.4C=401.79,208Pb(48Ca,1n)255No,208Pb(50Ti,1n)257Rf,208Pb(54Cr,1n)261Sg,208Pb(58Fe,1n)265Hs,208Pb(62Ni,1n)269110,208Pb(