情态动词+have-done的用法

“情态动词+havedone”的用法一、“musthavedone”一定做过某事•表示对过去事情的肯定推测，该结构只用于肯定句。•1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。二、“can‘thavedone”“couldn’thavedone”不可能做过某事•表示对过去事情的否定推测，“couldn’thavedone”较少使用。•1.Mr.Smithcan‘thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。•2.Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。三、“couldhavedone”过去可能做某事；本来能够做某事但没做•有两种用法，一种表示猜测，“过去可能做过某事”；另一种是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。•Whatcouldhavehappened?难道是发生了什么事吗？•Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。四、“canhavedone”较少使用到此结构•表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。•1.Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？•2.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？五、“mayhavedone”•表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。•—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?•—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.•—乔治发生了什么事？•——我不知道，他可能迷路了。六、“mighthavedone”•表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。••1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.(MET90)他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。•2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。七、“wouldhavedone”•虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。•1.Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。•2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八、“shouldhavedone”本来应该做某事，而实际没做•否定式为“shouldn‘thavedone”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。••1.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。•2.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。九、“oughttohavedone”•表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理应上星期日回家。•Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.你不应该帮助他那么多。十、“needhavedone”本来需要做某事而没有做•否定式为“needn‘thavedone”表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。•Ineedn‘thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。•Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,bewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。•1．---Youdidn’twaitforMr.Smithlastnight,didyou?---Actually,we______.Hedidn’treturnhomeatall.A.couldn’thavewaitedB.needn’thavewaitedC.didn’tneedtowaitD.shouldwait•2．Harry______havewonthePhysicscompetitioneasilyyesterday,buthegaveup.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.must•3．---MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Smithatsixo’clocktonight?”---“I’msorry,Mr.Smithtoaconferencebeforethen.”A.willhavegoneB.hadgoneC.wouldhavegoneD.hasgone•4．---Tomtookawayourteacher’scellphonewithoutbeingpermitted.---Really?Ican’timaginethathe_______havedonesuchathing.A.mustB.mayC.canD.should•5．---Wasityouthatmadethesuggestion?---Ithavebeen.Ican’tremember.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may•6．Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken•7．Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need•8．Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespokenB.mightn’thavespokenC.can’thavespokenD.shouldn’thavespoken•9．---Hi,isthatPeterBrown?---Sorry.You______thewrongnumber.A.mustcallB.musthavecalledC.shouldcallD.shouldhavecalled•10．Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They______atleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone•11.Heisnotpoor.You____havelenthimthemoney.A.can’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t•12.Therewasplentyoftime.You___havehurried.A.won’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t•13.They____havefinishedtheworkyesterday,butitwasraininghard.•A.mustB.couldC.shouldD.might•14.I____hereintime,butImetanoldfriendofmine.Istoppedandtalkedwithhimforsometime.A.shouldn’thavecomeB.musthavecomeC.needn’thavecomeD.couldhavecome•15.Ididn’thearthephone.I____asleep.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen