图像分割算法

安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）图像分割算法研究摘要图像分割是指把图像分解成各具特性的区域并提取出感兴趣目标的技术和过程，它是计算机视觉领域的一个重要而且基本的问题，分割结果的好坏将直接影响到视觉系统的性能。因此从原理、应用和应用效果的评估上深入研究图像分割技术具有十分重要的意义。本课题主要介绍了图像分割的基本知识，研究了图像分割的两大类算法，即基于边缘检测的方法和基于区域生成的方法。采用MATLAB仿真了所有分割过程，得到了比较理想的分割结果，并分析了各个算法的优点和不足之处,以及适用于何种图像。基于边缘检测方法种类繁多，主要介绍基于EDGE函数、检测微小结构、四叉树分解和阈值分割的方法实现对图像的边缘检测及提取。而基于区域的图像分割方法主要包括区域生长法和分裂-合并分割方法。通过多次的实验过后，总结出一般的图像分割处理可以用EDGE函数。而特定的图像应用阈值分割、检测微小结构和四叉树分解比较简单。虽然近年来人们在图像分割方面做了大量的研究工作，但由于尚无通用的分割理论，因此现已提出的分割算法大都是针对具体问题的，并没有一种适合于所有图像的通用的分割算法，有待于进一步解决。关键字：图像分割；边缘检测；区域生成；阈值分割I朱北侠：图像分割算法研究ResearchofimagesegmentationalgorithmAbstractImageSegmentationisthetechniqueandtheprocesstosegmentanimageintodifferentsub-mageswithdifferentcharactersandtoextracttheinterestedobjectsfromtheimage.Itisanimportantandbasicprocedureinthefieldofcomputervision,thequalityofimagesegmentationdirectlyaffectstheperformanceofvisionsystem.Therefore,fromthetheory,applicationandevaluationofapplicationeffectofdepthofimagesegmentationisofgreatsignificance.Thisissueintroducesthebasicsofimagesegmentation,imagesegmentationofthetwomajoralgorithmshavebeendone,thatisbasedonedgedetectionmethodandthemethodbasedonregionalproduce.Segmentationprocessissimulatedandtheresultshaveshownperfect.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofeachalgorithmarediscussedattheendofthepaper,andtoapplytoeachimage.EdgedetectionmethodbasedonawiderangeofEDGE-basedfunctionsareintroduced,thedetectionofminimalstructure,quadtreedecompositionandthresholdsegmentationmethodtorealizetheedgedetectionandextraction.Theregion-basedimagesegmentationmethodsincluderegiongrowinganddivision-combinedsegmentation.Throughmanyexperimentslater,summedupthegeneralimagesegmentationcanbeEDGEfunction.Thespecificapplicationofimagesegmentation,thedetectionofminimalstructureandquadtreedecompositionissimple.Althoughalotofimagesegmentationresearchhasbeendoneinrecentyears,butthereisnotgeneraltheoryofsegmentation,theproposedsegmentationalgorithmhasbeenmostlyissue-specific,andthereisnotasuitablesegmentationalgorithmforallcommonimage,remainstoberesolved.Keywords:Imagesegmentation;Edgedetection;Regionsegmentation;ThresholdsegmentationII安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）目录引言...............................................................................................................................-1-第1章绪论.................................................................................................................-2-1.1基本概念.................................................................................................................-2-1.1.1图像和数字图像...........................................................................................-2-1.1.2图像分割的定义...........................................................................................-2-1.2图像分割研究的发展和意义.................................................................................-3-1.2.1图像技术的发展...........................................................................................-3-1.2.2图像分割的研究意义...................................................................................-3-1.2.1图像分割的研究现状及发展趋势...............................................................-4-1.3论文的主要工作.....................................................................................................-5-第2章图像分割技术的基本算法.....................................................................................-6-2.1阈值分割算法.........................................................................................................-6-2.1.1直方图阈值的双峰法...................................................................................-6-2.1.2迭代法...........................................................................................................-8-2.1.3大律法.........................................................................................................-10-2.2边缘检测算法研究...............................................................................................-11-2.2.1拉普拉斯高斯算子.....................................................................................-12-2.2.2Canny算子....................................................................................................-14-2.2.3一阶微分算子.............................................................................................-16-2.3区域分割算法研究...............................................................................................-19-2.3.1区域生长的原理和步骤.............................................................................-19-2.3.2生长准则和过程.........................................................................................-20-2.3.3分裂合并.....................................................................................................-22-第3章图像分割在车牌号系统识别中应用的介绍.......................................................-25-3.1车牌图像二值化算法...........................................................................................-25-3.1.1阈值的选取.................................................................................................-26-3.1.2试验及试验结果............................................................................