清洁发展机制及其面临的形势

313(1):32-4020113JOURNALOFENGINEERINGSTUDIESMar.,2011收稿日期:20110107;修回日期:20110112作者简介:(1962),,CamcoEmail:[e-mail](1984),,,,E-mail:[e-mail](1987)E-mail:[e-mail](1962),,,,E-mail:[e-mail]附IGHG40UNFCCC19981120013DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1224.2011.00032清洁发展机制及其面临的形势乔志伟1,吴鸽鹏2,王慎娜2,高随祥2(1.Camco(),,100027;2.,,100049)摘要清洁发展机制(CleanDevelopmentMechanism,CDM)是《京都议定书》下的三个基于市场的节能减排机制之一。由于我国是一个处于工业化发展阶段的国家,没有减排的具体额度,所以CDM机制可以很好地促进我国在经济高速发展的同时开展节能减排工作。本文主要介绍CDM的申报流程和实施步骤,综述我国CDM项目申报的概况,对其中一些有可能导致申报失败的常见问题进行分析,并对我国开展CDM项目给出一些建议。同时,对哥本哈根会议后CDM面临的形势以及我国碳交易的发展前景进行了探索和展望。关键词节能减排;清洁发展机制;碳交易;温室气体中图分类号X32文献标识码A文章编号1674-4969(2011)01-0032-091引言,,1997,,,20082012,19905.2%19985200282005216,,:(1)(InternationalEmissionsTrading,IET):(2)(JointImplementationJI):,(3)(CleanDevelopmentMecha-nism,CDM)::33,,,,2003,2004,,,,(CDM),,,CDM,,,,,CDM,CDMCDM,CDM,CDM,CDM,CDMCDM:[1],(PDD)(DOE),,CDM(EB),(18),,,,CDM,2009,2012,,,,2010104109,()(),,[2],,CDM,CDM:,CDM,CDM;,CDM,CDM,;CDM;,CDM,2CDM项目申报流程CDM,,CDM(EB),,CDM,34,3(1):32-40(2011)CDM:,,,,,CER①[3-4](1):(FSR),(),,CDMCDM,CDM,CDM,,,,,,,CDM(2):,:,,(CDMCO2,),,,,(PDD)EB,6,CDM,CDM,CDM,CDM(3):PDD,:,;,;,(LoA),,DOE(:EBCDM)(4):DOE,CDM,,(EB)(PDD),,EB(completenesscheck)EB:,,7;,23EB,,EB,4EB(review),EB,EB(5):EB,CDM,①CER:(CertifiedEmissionReductions,CERs)CDM,(),EB:35DOE,DOE,CDMDOEDOEEB(6)CERs:,DOE,EB(CERs)EB5,EBCERs,CERsEB,EB,EBEB,EB,ER(EmissionReduction)CERsCERs,CDM2006,52010115,40.82%(1),EBCDM51.17%(2),CDMCDM,,图1各国CDM项目注册数[5]图2各国CERs签发比例图[5]::我国CDM申报现状CDM,2008,200611,1381608[6],CEREB200911,22%EBCERCDMDOEEBCDM,EB,,EBCDM,20074,CDM80%,,40%,2010730,55,22CDMEB,202010115,2732,1011CDMEB36,3(1):32-40(2011),EBDOE(ValidationReport)(1)(PDD)PDD,PDD,PDD:EB,(18)EB,,,,,EB(2),CDM,CDM,CDMCDM,CDMCDM,,,,,[1],CDM,;CDM,CDM[7],EB,(IRR)CDM,CDM(IRR),:,,;,IRR,,,EB,,EB,CDMEB,EB4对我国开展CDM项目的几点建议(1),CDMCDMCDMCDM,CDM,CDM,,,,,,,,,,,EB,:37,(2)CDM,,CDM,,,EB,,,IRR8%EBCDM,8%IRR,,EB,,,CER,,CDM,CDM,,,(ECX)2009820101112,CDM,(3)CDM,CDMCDM,,,CDM,,,CDM,CER,CER,,,,,,(4)CDMCDM,CDM,37%(3);EB,12%(4)(),CDM(35),CDM75%[8],,EB,,CDM,(5)CDM,CDM,PDD()CDM,CDM,CDMCDM38,3(1):32-40(2011)图3EB注册的中国CDM项目类型图4EB签发的中国CDM项目类型::(6),,,,CDM,,CDMCDM5CDM面临的形势及我国碳交易发展趋势展望5.1CDM面临的形势[6]CDM,2012,20122009,,CDM,2010CERs8/,CDM,,,,2008~2012CERs;,,,,,,,,,CERs,,20%,,30%2012,CERs,CER,CER,2009,,,,,,2020:39200517%,205083%VE①VER,,CDM,,,2020200540%~45%“”,,[8]20085,,,,,20084,,5.2天津会议后的中国碳交易[2]2010104109,()“”,,3:,,,,,,(),,,20202005GDP40%45%,,,,,,,:[2],,,,,,10①VER:(VoluntaryEmissionReduction,VER)CDM,,,“”,40,3(1):32-40(2011),,;,;,,,,,,,2020,,,,,参考文献[1]CDM[D].20081819.[2].5[EB/OL].[2010-11-02](2011-01-07).[3],,.CDM[J].,2010(6):1516.[4].CDM[R].:CDM,2007.[5]CDMStatistics[EB/OL].(2011-01-07).[6]LundinN,SanctuaryM,,.2012:[R].2009.[7]:CDM[R].:,,2008.[8],.:[EB/OL].(2011-01-07).(1.Camco,Beijing100027;2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049)Abstract:TheCDM(CleanDevelopmentMechanism)isoneofthethreemechanismestablishedintheKyotoProtocolforreducinggreenhousegasemissions.BecausethereisnoexactrateforChinatoreducegreen-housegasemissionsintheProtocol,theCDMwillnotonlybehelpfultoimprovetheclimateinChinabutalsoprovidesanunprecedentedopportunitytoattractforeigninvestmentandacceleratetheeconomicdevelopment.ThisarticlepresentsabriefintroductionabouttheprocessofaCDMprojectsuchasitsestablishment,implemen-tation,monitoringandverification.Besides,wereviewthedevelopmentoftheCDMprojectsinChinaandana-lyzesomeproblems.Inthelastpartofthisarticle,wegivesomesuggestionstosolvetheseproblems,exploreandlookforwardtothefuturetrendsofCDMandcarbontradinginChinaaftertheCOP15UnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceCopenhagenin2009.Keywords:energysavingandemissionreductionCleanDevelopmentMechanismcarbonexchangeGreenHouseGas:王大洲