物联网技术的发展及其工业应用的方向

32120111修改稿收到日期:2010-12-27作者彭瑜,男,1938年生,1960年毕业于清华大学,国务院特殊津贴获得者,教授级高级工程师;长期从事工业生产过程自控系统的设计现场总线与工业通信在控制系统中的应用工作DevelopmentoftheInternetofThingsandItsOrientationinIndustrialApplications(上海工业自动化仪表研究院,上海200233):,,2010~2020,,,::TH3:AAbstract:HavingbeendescribingtheacademicconceptandunderstandingforInternetofthings(IoT),themeaningofthingsinIoTandthetechnologiesthatsupportingIoT,andthedevelopingroadmapofIoTin2010to2020inEuropeanUnionareexpoundedemphatically.Inaddition,threeoftheapplicableorientationsofIoTarediscussedanditsmiportanceisemphasized.IoTissignificantsupportingmeasureforourcountrytobecomeapowerfulmanufacturingnationfromgreatmanufacturingnation,thusitshouldbeenergeticallypushedon.Keywords:Cyberphysicalsystem(CPS)RFIDInternetofthings(IoT)InternetComputerizednetwork0IoT,,,GPRSCDMA;WiFi/ZigBee12010:,,,,,,?1997ITU(theInternationalTelecommunicationUnion),2005,,[1],;,,CERPIoT2009[2]:IT,IoM(Internetofmedia)IoS(Internetofservices),,:,,,(),/,()(),1PROCESSAUTOMATIONINSTRUMENTATIONVol32No1January2011,,200510,,,20062CPS(cyberphysicalsystem)CPS3C(computation,communication,control)[3-4],,CPS,,,,CPS1图1CPS系统的组成Fig.1CompositionofCPSCPSCPS3C,,,CPS,,,CPS,,,CPSCPS,CPS(),;,CAN()(50m)/(CPS),(,),,,(CPS,),,2IoT,,,,/,,IoT(),5[2],11Tab.1Functionaldomainofthings1;,;;();,;/2,();,;,3();;4();,;;;5232120111IoT,//,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,/,,,,2图2物联网实现真实数字和虚拟世界的语义集成Fig.2SemanticIntegrationimplementedamongreality,digitalandvirtualworldsbyIoT,,,/,,/,3,:;,,3.1,,,(IPV6),(),ID?,ID?(),IoT,ID,,,(),,IoTID,DSN(1012~1013),ID,3.2SoA(serviceofarchitecture)SoA,,()(semanticinteroperability),,SoASoA33PROCESSAUTOMATIONINSTRUMENTATIONVol32No1January2011图3SoA信息系统架构Fig.3FrameworksofSoAinformationsystem3,,,,SoA,(),,,,SoA,,4:;,ebXMLUBL;Web;3.3,(),()XMLXMLXML;XMLDTD(documenttypedefinition),XML(schema)DTDXML,OASIS(theOrganizationfortheAdvancementofStructuredInformationStandards)XMLXML,ACORDOTAGovMLHL7TPML:;;;;3.4IoT4IoT4图4IoT需要发展的硬件技术Fig.4HardwaretechnologiesforIoTtobedeveloped,RFIDICCMOS,DCDC,,RFMEMSMEMS:,HF/UHF/SHF/EHF,EEPROM/FRAM/,,ID128/256ID(RFID)4321201113.5,(,)(),()/,,,,,,,,,,():;;;(terrestrial)2009[2],22(2010~2020)Tab.2R&DroadmappathsofIoTinEuropeanUnion(2010~2020)20102010~20152015~2020;IPRFIDID;ID;ID;ID(EMID)EMIDIoT(IoT,,103/106)(,,109)IoT(,,1012)SoA,IoTIoT()IoT(IoT,,)IoT(IoT,/,,)IoT();;;;RFID();;;;;;;;,RFID,ZigBee,,UWB,HART,ISASP100(,10GMz);;;;;;(,);();()/;;Adhoc;;;RFID/;/;;;;/;;ID;;;;;;;();;MEMS;;;;;;;Q;;;RFRFID;EPROM/FRAM;;;;;(,);;;;;;;;;;;;;SoC;,QRF;RFID;(SiP)RFIDRFID;;;;;()();()();;;;;;;5PROCESSAUTOMATIONINSTRUMENTATIONVol32No1January2011220102010~20152015~2020;;(A/V);()();;ID;;,;;IoT;;RFID;MEM;WSN;H2H;;;;RF;;;;;;;;;;/;;;;RFID;;;;4,,,,IoT,,,,,,;,;,,,,IoT,33Tab.3Featuredescriptionsandexamplesofthreemajorapplicableareas/(),()5,,,,,,,,,,,?,RFID,,,,[5-6],,,,,MES,RFID,,632120111,,,,,WSN,RFID,,,:MES,,RFIDRFID,RFIDIT,RFIDSemProM(semanticproductmemory),DPM(digitalproductmemory)[7],,,,RFID,,,DPM();,(semantictechnologies)(M2M)(instrumentedenvironments)RFID,GPS,(,,),Adhoc,62,,103~106;5,,109;2020,,,1012~1013,,RFID,,RFID,,?,,:,,[8],[1]ITU.Internetreports2005:theInternetofthingsexecutivesummary[EB/OL].Nov,2005,http:wenku.baidu.com/view/e531c0b069dc5022aaea00ce.htm.l[2]ClusterofEuropeanResearchProjects.Internetofthingsstrategicresearchroadmap[EB/OL].[2009-09-15].http:wenku.baidu.com/view/8d30862de2bd960590c677d8.htm.l[3].Cyberphysicalsystems[J].,2010,6(1):25-29.(12)7PROCESSAUTOMATIONINSTRUMENTATIONVol32No1January20111TETab.1FaultsoftheTEprocess1A/C,B2B,A/C3D456A7C8ABC9D10C111213141516~20213.2PCAKPCATEPCAKPCATE,,TE21,:k(x,y)=exp(-x-y2/),400,SPE2158SPE图2故障检测结果Fig.2Detectionresultsoffault2,KPCA4,KPCA,PCATE,KPCAPCA[1]KybernetikBF,SmolaA,SchlkopfE,eta.lNonlinearcomponentanalysisasakerneleigenvalueproblem[J].NeuralComputation,1998,10(5):1299-1319.[2],,,.TE[J].,2008,59(7):1783-1789.[3],,.PLSTennesseeEastman[J].:,2005,39(5):657-662.[4],ChiangLH.[M].,.:,2003.[5],.PCA-SVM[J].,2007,28(5):12-16.[6],.[J].,2006(z2):125-129.[7],,,.TE[C]Proceedingsofthe26thChineseControlConference,Zhangjiajie,China,2007:511-515.[8]DownsJJ,VogelEF.Aplantwideindustrialprocesscontrolproblem[J].ComputersandChemicalEngineering,1993,17(3):245-255.(7)[4],,,.[J].,2010,23(3):56-61.[5]BlocherA.Internetofthings:talkingwitheverydayobjects[J].IndustrialEthernetBook05,2010:38.[6]HartmannT.ApplyingRFIDtechnologyacrossthefactoryfloor[J].IndustrialEthernetBook04,2010:20.[7]SAPNeWteaver,Novel.lDigitalproductmemory:furtheringthevisionoftheInternetofthings[EB/OL].http:=/webcontent/uuid/00a71b41-c2fe-2b10-6486-994159a4c778&prtmode=prin.t[8].[N].,2010-11-16().12PCAKPCATE,