常用英语猜词技巧

UnderstandingWordsthroughContextualCluesLecture3MotivationQuestion:Whenyouencounteranewwordinreading,whatdoyouusuallydo?1.Lookitupinthedictionary;2.Guessitsmeaningaccordingtoitsformation;3.Guessitsmeaningaccordingtoitscontexts.MotivationQuestion:Howmanywaysdoyouusetoguessthemeaningsofnewwordsthroughcontextualclues?ContentsI.DefinitionII.RestatementIII.RelatedInformationIV.ExamplesV.ComparisonVI.ContrastVII.GeneralKnowledgeVIII.Cause-effectRelationIX.And&OrTeachingObjectivesAfterlearningthislecture,studentswillbeableto:getfamiliarwithvariouscontextualclues,anddevelopanabilitytoguessthemeaningsofnewwordsinthefuturereadingprocess.I.DefinitionMarkers:1.下定义：be,mean,referto,define,dealwith,beconsidered,becalled,beknownas,represent,signify,constitute,etc.2.同位语；标点符号；定语从句；同义词/近义词。I.Definition1.Anthropologymeansthescientificstudyofman.2.Arteriosclerosisisthenarrowingandhardeningofthearteriesthatcarrybloodtotheheart.3.Kleptomaniaisconsideredtobeanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.I.Definition4.Etymologyreferstoabranchoflanguagedealingwithwordorigins,andoughttobeviewedasonewaytohelpchildrenexpandtheirvocabulary.5.Apersonorthingbeyondcomparison,amodelofexcellence,isknownasaparagon.6.Theharborisprotectedbyajetty---awallbuiltoutintothewater.I.Definition7.Tornadoes(violentanddestructivewhirlwind)normallyoccuronhot,humid(alittlewet)day,butnotnecessarilyinthesummer.II.RestatementThe2ndsentenceservesastherepetitionofthe1stone.Markers:inotherwords;toputitanotherway;thatistosay;or;thatis;i.e.;tobeprecise1.Hehadawanlook.Hewassoweakandpalethatweallthoughtthathewasill.2.Iamaresoluteman.OnceIsetupagoal,Iwillnotgiveitup.II.Restatement3.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle,thatis,itwillbreakeasily.4.Beforethemainbusinessofaconferencebegins,thechairmanusuallymakesashortpreliminaryspeech.Inotherwords,hesaysafewthingsbywayofintroduction.III.RelatedInformation1.Hewasnowangry…Onceagainheflewintoarage.2.Afterspendingthreeweeksaloneontheseas,Tomwastiredofsolitude.III.RelatedInformation3.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.4.Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity,Mr.Smithwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldhaveendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.IV.ExamplesMarkers:suchas,forexample,forinstance,like,colon1.Sheisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye.2.Numberssuchas1,2,3,54,268,and1000arecalledwholenumbersorintegers.3.Selectanyoftheseperiodicals:Time,Reader’sDigestorTheNewYorker.4.ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots.Mr.Simpson,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.V.Comparison1.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdriftedwiththewindlikefeathers.2.Thehotairballoontookoff.Itwasabuoyantintheairasacork(软木塞)inwater.3.Greenlovestotalk，andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.4.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.VI.ContrastMarkers:but,although,unlike,however,asopposedto,while,ontheotherhand,otherwise,instead,yet,bycontrast1.Mostofusagreed;however,Billdissented.2.Peterwasnotfrugalsincehespentmoneysofreely.3.JanewastalkingwithotherswhileElizaremainedreticentallthetime.VI.Contrast4.Somestudentswereinadvertentlylateforclass,whileafewwerepurposelylate.5.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.6.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.VII.GeneralKnowledge1.ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmyheadonthelinjarola.2.Markgotonthemotorbike,Isatbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.3.Justbeforetheexam,Peter’shandsshookandsweated,hisheartbeatfast,andhisstomachached,eventhoughheknewthesubjectverywell.Hereallyhadastrangephobiaabouttakingtests.VII.GeneralKnowledge4.Sometimestheairistoofilthytobreatheandriversaretoofilthytoswiminortakewaterfrom.5.Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.6.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.7.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.VIII.Cause-effectRelationMarkers:since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,sothat,so…that,such…that1.Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.2.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.VIII.Cause-effectRelation3.He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.4.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.5.SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.IX.And&Or根据同等关系猜测词意。1.IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,church,battlesite,theatreandotherpublichalls.2.Thereisnoreasontoinsultanddefamethemansimplybecauseyoudonotagreewithhim.IX.And&Or3.Atforty-twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfullofenergy.4.Trees,shrubs,flowersandgrassarebasictoparksorlargegardens.5.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplace