初中英语语法-构词法(ppt27张)

构词法Whiteboard=white+boardLead-inSafeguard=safe+guardSorry!Thesubscriberyoudialedisbusynow,pleaserediallater.-er…人re-又，再•Unstoppable•Godlike•DoublekillGod+likeStopv阻止-ableUn-无法阻挡双杀横扫千军killvn杀死构词法转化---unit2派生---unit2合成---unit1合成词考点1合成词：由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个新词。考点：最常见的有合成名词、合成形容词、合成代词等。合成名词名词＋名词：weekend周末；名词＋动词：sunset日落；名词＋动名词：handwriting书法动词＋名词：playground操场；动名词＋名词：readingroom阅览室形容词＋名词：blackboard黑板；副词＋动词：outbreak爆发；介词＋名词：afternoon下午eg：Myfather’shandwritingisverygood.Theyoftengoshoppingattheweekend.。书法，书写合成形容词名词＋形容词：snowwhite雪白的；名词＋现在分词：Englishspeaking讲英语的名词＋to＋名词：facetoface面对面的；名词＋过去分词：manmade人造的数词＋名词：oneway单行的；数词＋名词＋形容词：twoyearold两岁的副词＋过去分词：well-known著名的副词＋动名词：hardworking勤劳的副词＋名词：out-door户外的eg:EnglandisanEnglishspeakingcountry.英国是一个讲英语的国家。考点2典例—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish？A.600words；a600wordsB．600word；a600wordsC．600words；a600wordD．600words；a600wordsC【点拨】第一空应填600words，第二空修饰名词passage，应用形容词，“数词＋名词”可构成形容词，中间用连字符连接，而且名词用单数形式。考点3【重点】合成代词考向一反身代词：myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves。eg:TheboyteacheshimselfEnglish.ThesongIBelieveICanFlytellsusthatbelievingin_______isveryimportant.A．themselvesB．itselfC．ourselvesD．yourselvesC考向二复合不定代词典例Waterisimportantto________,sotherearemanywaterfestivalsaroundtheworld.A．everyoneB．nobodyC．somebodyD．somethingA【点拨】考查不定代词辨析。句意：水对于________是重要的，因此全世界有许多水节。由句意可知水对于每个人都很重要。AAB即学即练一、根据所学的构词法知识，通过连线将下列单词组成合成词，然后用其适当形式完成句子A．合成名词1weekDsetC-acheB-endA-groundE-ball2play3sun4head5basket1．YaoMingisagreat____________player.2．Thedaysaregettinglonger.The__________todayisfiveminuteslaterthanyesterday.3．Thestudentsliketoplayonthe____________.Theyhavefunthere.4．Whatdoesheoftendoon____________?5．Don'tbeafraid—youhaveprobablygota______________.basketballsunsetplaygroundweekendsheadachebasketballsunsetplaygroundweekendheadache6．Doyouwanttobuya________________ticket?7．The____________carismine.8．NewZealandisan________________country.9．Thelittlebikeisa_____________modelbike.10．Ilovethis________________rabbit.one-wayfiveseatEnglishspeakingman-madesnowwhiteB．合成形容词1man2snow3English4one5fiveawaybspeakingcmadedwhiteeseat11．Welcometomyhome.Youcancome________.12．Iamsosad.Iwanttobe_________.13．LilyandLucyhelped____________tothedeliciousfoodattheparty.14．Mr.Greenisnewthere,so________knowshim.15．Giveme___________toeat.Iamhungry.anytimemyselfthemselvesnobodysomethingmysomethemnoanybodyselftimeselvesthing二派生法后缀(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：er，or，ist，ness，ment，tion，ess，ing等。eg：illness疾病；government政府；actress女演员；meeting会议所谓派生，即在原词上加前缀或后缀构成另一个与原意略有不同或截然相反的词。(2)构成形容词的后缀常用的有：ful，less，able，ous，y等。eg：helpful有用的；cloudy多云的；enjoyable令人愉快的；dangerous危险的；careless粗心的(3)构成副词的后缀，常用的有：ly。eg：slow—slowly缓慢地；easy—easily容易地前缀前缀一般不造成词性的转变，而只引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词，常用的有un，dis，im等。eg：unhappy不高兴的；dislike不喜欢；impossible不可能的。考向二考点2转化法常见的有名词转化为动词，形容词转化为动词。(1)名词转化为动词eg:water水→water浇水plant植物→plant种植(2)形容词转化为动词eg：cool凉爽的→cool使变凉、冷却dry干燥的→dry使变干(3)动词转化为名词eg:look看；瞧→look看；瞧swim游泳→swim游泳课本30页12题playersafelysunnysuccessfuleastern典例—WhatwasLindadoingatthattime?—Oh，shewasgoingfora_______.(walk)(南宁)walk【点拨】句意：——琳达那个时间在做什么？——哦，她在散步。考查词的转化。采用转化法。walk作动词时是“走路”的意思，此句中应用名词walk“散步”。一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子1．(中考·凉山)Thechildrenwereall________(激动)becauseofthegames.2．(中考·新疆)Markdoeshishomework________(认真地)everyday.3．Theschoollibraryis________(开放的)fromMondaytoFriday，9a.m.to6p.m.4．Hewantstobeacomputer________(工程师)inthefuture.5．Moneycan'tbuy________(幸福)．excitedcarefullyopenengineerhappiness二、用所给词的适当形式填空6．(中考·淮安)Emily'smotherdidn'tallowhertowatchherfavouriteprogrammeRunningMananditmadeher________(happy)．7．Messiisanexcellentfootball________(play)．8．(中考·贵阳)Itis___________(possible)formetodotoomanythingsintwodays.Canyouhelpme?9．Itwas________(amaze)thatthemancouldridethebicyclebackwards.10．Studentsshouldanswerquestionsloudlyand________(clear)inclass.unhappyplayerimpossibleamazingclearly三、从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空11．(中考·嘉兴)Theworldchangedfasterafterthe________ofthecomputer.12．Lindaisthebig________ofthecarrace.13．Doyouknowaboutthe________culture?inventionwinnereasternusual,win,polite,east,invent【点拨】句意：琳达是这次汽车比赛的大赢家。win是一个动意思是“赢，胜利”。根据这句话的意思可知，这里是说Linda是个大赢家，故应该用它的名词形式，即winner。14．Weshouldalwaysspeak________toourparents.15．Itis________verycrowded(拥挤的)here.politelyusuallyusual,win,polite,east,invent【点拨】句意：我们应该总是有礼貌地跟我们的父母说话。polite是一个形容词，意思是“有礼貌的”，在句中可以作表语或定语。根据句意可知，这里修饰动词speak，故应该用副词形式，即politely。【点拨】句意：这儿通常很拥挤。这里需要用表示频率的词usually。