高级英语-the-sad-young-man

ThesadyoungmenRodW.HortonandHerbertW.EdwardsAuthor--RodW.Horton1910—BorninWhitePlainsN.Y1937–1945:asinstructorinNewYorkuniversity1945–1949:assistantprofessor1947—1957:associateprofessorofgeneralliterature1957–1964:workedforUnitedStatesInformationService,inbrazilandPortugalasAFFAIRSOFFICERAuthor--RodW.Horton1910—BorninWhitePlainsN.Y1937–1945:asinstructorinNewYorkuniversity1945–1949:assistantprofessor1947—1957:associateprofessorofgeneralliterature1957–1964:workedforUnitedStatesInformationService,inbrazilandPortugalasAFFAIRSOFFICERAuthor--RodW.HortonandHerbertW.EdwardsPublications:(WithHerbertW.Edwards),BackgroundsofAmericanLiteraryThought(1952)(WithVincentF.Hopper),BackgroundsofEuropeanLiterature(1954)backgroundThesadyoungmen&thelostgenerationTheLostGenerationwasthegenerationthatcameofageduringWorldWarI.ThetermwaspopularizedbyErnestHemingway,whouseditasoneoftwocontrastingepigraphsforhisnovel,TheSunAlsoRises.BackgroundThelostgenerationLostmeansnotvanishedbutdisoriented,wandering,directionless—arecognitionthattherewasgreatconfusionandaimlessnessamongthewar'ssurvivorsintheearlypost-waryearsBackgroundrepresentativewriterGertrudeSteinErnestHemingwayF.ScottFitzgerald8GertrudeStein(February3,1874–July27,1946)WhileSteinhasbeencreditedwithinventingthetermLostGenerationforthosewhosedefiningmomentintimeandcomingofagehadbeenWorldWarIanditsaftermath.GertrudeSteinPublishedworks:1.ThreeLives(TheGraftonPress,1909)2.Tenderbuttons:objects,food,rooms(1914)onlineatBartleby3.TheMakingofAmericans:BeingaHistoryofaFamily'sProgress(written1906–8,published1925)4.TheAutobiographyofAliceB.Toklas(1933)5.Everybody'sAutobiography(1937)6.ParisFrance(1940)GertrudeSteinLiterarystyle:hermetichighlyidiosyncratic,playful,repetitive,andhumorousstyle.ErnestHemingway(July21,1899–July2,1961)AmericanauthorandjournalistHemingway'sfictionusuallyfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslives-soldiers,fisher-men,athletes,bullfighters--whomeetthepainanddifficultyoftheirexistencewithstoiccourageErnestHemingway--TheSunAlsoRiseshewasrecognizedasthespokesmanofthelostgeneration(so-calledbyGertrudeStein).Thenovelconcernsagroupofpsychologicallybruised,disillusionedexpatriateslivinginpost-warParis,whotakepsychicrefugeinsuchimmediatephysicalactivitiesaseating,drinking,travelling,brawlingandlovemaking.ErnestHemingwayWorks:TheSunAlsoRises(1926)AFarewelltoArms(1929)ToHaveandHaveNot(1937)ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940)AcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees(1950)TheOldManandtheSea(1952)ErnestHemingwayicebergtheory(冰山原则）:thefactsfloatabovewater;thesupportingstructureandsymbolismoperateoutofsight.TheconceptoftheicebergtheoryissometimesreferredtoasthetheoryofomissionF.ScottFitzgeraldF.ScottFitzgerald(September24,1896–December21,1940）Americanauthorofnovelsandshortstories,whoseworksaretheparadigmaticwritingsoftheJazzAge,F.ScottFitzgeraldNovels：1.ThisSideofParadise--人间天堂2.TheBeautifulandDamned--美丽与毁灭3.TheGreatGatsby--了不起的盖茨比4.TenderIstheNight--夜色温柔5.TheLoveoftheLastTycoon–originallyTheLastTycoon--最后一个大亨（未完成）F.ScottFitzgerald--TheGreatGatsbyThestorydealswithhumanaspirationtostartoveragain,socialpoliticsanditsbrutalityandalsobetrayal,ofone'sownidealsandofpeople.Usingelementsofironyandtragicending,italsodelvesintothemesofexcessesoftherich,andrecklessnessofyouth.BackgroundFirstusedbyKerouac,1960s,Hippies:”beat”lifestyleThebeatgenerationBackgroundThebeatgenerationTheBeatGenerationwasagroupofAmericanpost-WorldWarIIwriterswhocametoprominenceinthe1950s,aswellastheculturalphenomenathattheybothdocumentedandinspiredBackgroundThebeatgenerationCentralelementsofBeatcultureincludedrejectionofreceivedstandards,innovationsinstyle,experimentationwithdrugs,alternativesexualities,aninterestinreligion,arejectionofmaterialism,andexplicitportrayalsofthehumanconditionBackgroundTheangryyoungmenTheangryyoungmenwereagroupofmostlyworkingandmiddleclassBritishplaywrightsandnovelistswhobecameprominentinthe1950sBackgroundTheangryyoungmenIntroductiontothePassageapieceofexpositivewritingThestructuralorganizationofthisessay:clearandsimple--para.1:introducingthesubject--paras.2-9:supportinganddevelopingthethesis--paras.10-11:bringingthediscussiontoanendIntroductiontothePassageRhetoricalDevices:1.metaphor2.personification3.metonymy4.transferredepithetStructureAnalysisPara.1:tointroducethesubject(introduction)Para2-9:tosupportanddevelopthethesis(thebody)Para10-11:tobringthediscussiontoanend(conclusion)StructureAnalysisPara1:whataretheylike?Reallywild?Para2:Howdiditcome?a.WWIb.nolongerisolatedStructureAnalysisPara3:Rejectionofgentility:boomingindustryleadstoachangedlifestylePara4:Youthresponsibilitytobringsthnew,buttheyescapedinalcohol&carnivalPara5:TheyounginWWIProhibition禁酒令Theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes;speciallyintheU.S.,theperiod(1920-1933)ofprohibitionbyFederalLaw.ProhibitionGoodresults:Fewdeathsfromalcohol-relateddiseases;Fewaccidents;Thousandsofpeoplestoppeddrinking.ProhibitionBadresults:Manycontinuedtodrinkindefianceofthelaw;Moneymadefromtheilleg