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词类英语名称作用例词名词Noun(缩写为n.)表示人或事物的名称party政党China中国代词Pronoun(pron.)用来代替名词、形容词或数词等He他that那数词Numeral(num.)表示数量或顺序one一first第一形容词Adjective(adj.)用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质safe安全great伟大副词Adverb(adv.)用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性hard艰苦here这里冠词Article(art.)用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物an,a,the动词Verb(v.)表示人或事物的动作或状态eat吃have有介词Preposition(prep.)用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系under在。。。。。。下in在。。。。。。里连词Conjunction(conj.)用来连接词、短语或句子and和but但是感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话时的感情或口气Hello喂why呃,嘿名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smap-mapsbag-bagscar-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watchesce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-slicense-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加esbaby---babies其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos;b.加es,如:potato—potatoestomato—tomatoeshero-heroes3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs;b.去f,fe加-ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves;名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news是不可数名词。不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--mengoose--geese根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachers’knivesvegetablesminutes’Lucy’s代词代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。一、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化数单数复数单数复数格主格主格宾格宾格第一人称Iwemeus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheittheyHimheritthem通常,主格作主语,宾格作宾语通常,当单数的主格作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数的的主格作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Eg.Heismyfriend.It‘sme.TheyarefromChina.Shelentmeabook.Iloveit.Areyouinterestedinthem?二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表,数单数复数人称一二三一二三形物myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名物mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs通常,形容词性物主代词相当形容词的用法,应该位于名词的前面;名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,之后不接名词。Eg.Ilikehiscar.Ourschoolishereandtheirsisthere.Thisisyourpicture.Andthatismine.三、指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。单数复数thisthatthesethoseEg.Thatisagoodidea.Ilovethosebookinblue.Thesepeoplearemyfriends.四、自身代词,也称为反身代词表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词。单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves反身代词的用法1.用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末):Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.Yousaidityourself.2.用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):Takegoodcareofyourself.3.用作表语Thepoorboywasmyself.五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有eachother和oneanother两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。Weshouldloveeachother.TomandBettyarefriends,sotheyalwayshelpeachother.Ourstudentslearnoneanother.eg.Iwantsomethinghot.Doyouneedsomecoffee?Thereisnothinggood.Allofyouarestudents.六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,every-,no-加上body,one,thing的合成代词,如anybody,something,noone。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语七、疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)Whatareyou?Whoishiscoat?Whosebagisthis?Whichdoyouprefer?Theblueoneorthewhiteone?Couldyoutellmewhatishisname?八、关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导定语从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。Heisthemanwhomyouhavebeenlookingfor.IhopeIcanfindajobthatIcandevotemyselfto.Thisisthebookwhosecoveringisold.1.Heshoutedloudertotherunners,buthestillcouldn'tmake_____heard.A.himB.himselfC.themD.themselves2.Thereareflowersandtreeson____sidesoftheriver.A.everyB.bothC.eitherD.all3.Shehasthreegoodfriends.Oneisadoctor;___areteachersofChinese.A.anotherB.theothertwoC.otherD.others4.Beforehandinginyourcompositions,pleasecorrectthemistakesineachlineif____.A.soB.noC.anyD.someExercisesBBB1.______(我)amaworker._______(你)areadoctor._______(她)isateacher.2.Thisis_____(他的)shirt.3.Thisis__________(我的)pen.4._________(他们的)trousersarethere.5.Ilikethispicture.Pleasegive________(它)to_____(我).6.Peopleget________(他们的)moneyfrom_________(我).7._______(他们)arenewstudents._______(他们的)namesareLucyandLily.8.Theseare_______(我们的)shoes.Can______(我们)wear______(它们).9.Thank_______for_______(你的)help.10._______(他)loves_______(她),and_______(她)loves_______(他),too.11._______(我)love_________(你),and________(你)love_______(我),too.IYoumyhisSheTheirtheirmeitTheyTheirmeourmethemweHeyouryouyouyouherIhimshe形容词用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词。作用例句定语Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表语Yourcoatistoosmall.
本文标题:中考复习--英语词性分类及用法
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