11名词性从句课件

RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisliMing.主语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)主语从句主语从句在复合句中做句子的主语。1.ThatmostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.2.Whyhefailedtheexamwasn’tclear.4.Itisapitythatshecannotcome.3.Whetherhehasfailedtheexamwasn’tclear.2）主语从句的连接词1.连词that(无词义,不作成分,不能省略,只起连接作用);whether(是否),不作成分,不用if.Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.注意:已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导.他星期三来这里是肯定的。ThathewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。WhetherhewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.注意：that引导的主语从句放在句首很少，只是为了强调或谓语较长时才这样3.连接副词when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howmany/much等.Whenthetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.Howmuchwecanspendmustbeagreedon.2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever,whose等.在从句做主语/宾语/表语Whatyousaidisperfectlytrue.(宾语)Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.谁来都欢迎连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语这些连接词不能省略；注意Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.(主)Whatevershesaidwasright.(宾语)Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.（主语）Whenhe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.(状语)英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。Whyhefailedtheexamwasn’tclear.(状语)Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.(状语)3）注意事项：1.为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，主语从句常用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere.（1）It+be+形容词+主语从句（2）It+be+名词+主语从句（3）It+不及物动词+主语从句（4）It+及物动词的被动语态+主语从句常用句型如下：It+be+形容词＋主语从句Itisnecessary/importantthat….…..是有必要/重要的Itisobvious/clearthat……很明显……Itiscertain/truethat……是肯定的Itistruethat……是事实Itisstrangethat……很奇怪Itisnaturalthat……是很自然的It+be+名词＋主语从句Itisapity/ashame…真遗憾…Itisasurprise….令人惊奇的是…Itisafact…事实是…Itisanhonor…是我的荣幸Itisawonder………是奇迹It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappears/seemsthat…似乎…/看起来…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherIt+be+-ed分词＋主语从句Itisbelieved/thoughtthat…人们相信…Itiswellknowntous/allthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……Itissaid/reportedthat据听说/据报道Eg:Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.2.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…主语从句中的虚拟语气Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted+that(should)doItisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,impossible+that(should)doItisapity,ashame,nowonder(难怪)+that(should)dowhat引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语,宾语,表语，而that则不然。例如：1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.WhatThat3.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别II.表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。1.Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.2.Thequestioniswherehehasgone.3.Theproblemisthathehasgone.4.Itlooks/seemsasif/thoughitweregoingtorain.试区分以下句子Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。(表从)(定从)(定从)II表语从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.注意：表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”2.1引导表语从句的关联词引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句，引导表语从句的词有that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。(1)that,whether引导的表语从句that在引导表语从句时无词义，不做成分，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”,不做成分。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question,trouble,problem,result,chance,suggestion，idea，reason等。eg:Thereasonisthatyoudon’ttrusther.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题是他们是否能帮我们。(2)连接代词引导的表语从句连接代词what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever在句中作主语/宾语，不能省略。eg:Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事。(3)连接副词引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,how,why在表语从句中做状语Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。(4)连词because,asif,asthoughHewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausehewascaughtinatrafficjam.Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butit’sasifitwasonlyyesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但asif却可引导表语从句，能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。难点1.连词because可引导表语从句。如：eg:Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想这是因为你做得太多