高一英语非谓语动词及其用法

Thenon-finiteVerbs非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词。它们不能作谓语，无人称和数的变化，但都具有动词的特点（带宾语或状语、有时态和语态的变化）。它们的句法功能如下：主语表语宾语补语介宾定语状语不定式√√√√exceptbut√√动名词√√√√√分词√√√√TheInfinitive(具有名词、形容词和副词的性质)主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone作主语1.Toseeistobelieve.2.It’sdifficult(forus)tolearnEnglish.3.It’sfoolishofhertobelievehim.=Sheisfoolishtobelievehim.这类形容词有:kind/clever/cruel/rude/selfish/careless/wise/stupid/honest/brave/generous/considerateetc作表语1.Hisaimistowinthefirstprize.2.Allwecandois(to)wait.One’sdream/aim/ambition/wish/Thefirststep/WhatIwanttodoisto…作宾语1.Hedemandedtobetoldthetruth.2.Hepretendedtobedoinghishomework/tohavefallenasleepwhenMothercamein.decide/fail/manage/refuse/pretend/choose/agree/hope/plan/promise/makeupone’smind+todo3.Idon’tknowwhattodo.decide/findout/know/learn/consideretc+疑问词+todo4.Anyonecanbecomeabetterscholarifhewantsto.5.---Areyouonholiday?---No,butI’dliketobe.作介词but/except的宾语6.Ihavenochoicebuttowait/candonothingbutwait.(but=except前面有do，其后的不定式省“to”)7.Hewouldratherdiethangivein.8.Whowouldyouratherhavego,Maryorme?wouldrather/wouldsooner/may/mightaswell/why/whynot/cannot(help)but/hadbetter+do作宾补或主补1.I’llhavehimsaysomethingatthemeeting.havesbdo=getsbtodofeel;hear/listento;let/have/make;see/watch/lookat/notice/observesbdo但被动语态要+to,let例外Listentomereadthetext.Heisoftenlistenedtotosingthesong.Hewasletgobythepolice.2.Heorderedhismentofire.wish/advise/persuade/allow/permit/want/tell/ask/expect/order/require/requestetcsbtodosuggest/hope/agree/demand/arrangesbtodo3.Heissaidtobedoingtheworkofnextyear.It’ssaidthatheisdoingtheworkofnextyear.sb+seem/appear/happen/besaid/bereported/beknown/befound/bebelieved+todo/tobedoing/tohave(been)doneIt+seem/appear/happen/besaid…/bebelievethat….作定语1.Ihavealotofworktodo/nopentowritewith.2.findagoodplacetostudyin,givemeaknifetocutsthwith3.thefirsttocome/tobeawardedtheNobelPrize4.thelastpersontodosuchathing最不愿意做…的人5.thehousetobebuiltnextyearcf:thehousebeingbuiltnow/buildlastyear作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件）目的to/inorderto/soasto结果enoughto/too…to/so…asto/such…asto/onlyto1.Thebusstoppedtopickuppassengers.2.Hespokeslowlyandclearlytomakehimselfunderstood.3.Hesetoutearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.=Inorderto/Tocatchthefirstbushesetoutearly.4.Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?5.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.6.I’msurprisedtohearthenews.7.He’stooyoungtodresshimself.8.Ihurriedtoschoolonlytobetolditwasaholiday.onlytodosth表示出于预料之外的结果但下列句子中too…to…不表示结果,也无否定意义a.tooglad/pleased/delightedtodoI’mtoogladtomeetyou.b.tooready/willingtodoIamtooreadytohelpyou.Youaretooreadytofindfaultwithothers.c.tooanxious/eagertodoHe’stooanxioustoleave.d.Themanistooeasytogetangry.这人太容易生气了.e.onlytoo…toI’monlytoodelightedtoacceptyourinvitation.f.It’snevertoolatetolearn.不定式的否定形式Shekeptsilentabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.不定式的完成和被动式ThebookseemstohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.But:Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.Ihavealettertowrite/alotofworktodo.Heistoblamefortheaccident.Thegerund(具有名词的性质)主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone作主语1.Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.2.It’snouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.3.Beingforcedtoleavetheclassroommadehimfeelembarrassed.作表语1.MyjobisteachingEnglish.cf:One’sdream/aim/ambition/Thefirststepistodosth.动名词作表语,可与主语交换位置,句子成立;现在分词则不能。作宾语（动宾/介宾/it作形式宾语）1.Iappreciatehearingfromyouagain.2.avoidbeinginfectedbydiseases3.Hedoesn’tfeellikeeatinganything.4.Idon’tthinkitanygood/usecomplainingaboutit.常用doing作宾语的有finishmindenjoykeepimaginedelaypostponeconsiderforbidbanprohibitallowpermitmissescapepractisesuggestadviseappreciatepardonexcuseforgiveriskavoidresistadmitconfessdenyfancyopposekeeponbeusedtocan’thelpinsistongiveupsetaboutdevote…tofeellikepayattentiontolookforwardtobeaccustomedtoputoffleadtoobjecttocan’tstand/bearbeopposedtoonthewayto即将做某事How/Whataboutbusy/worthdoingneed/want/require/deservedoing(=tobedone)有些动词/动词短语后接doing/todo作宾语有很大的区别:remember/forget/regret/try/mean/stop/goonrememberdoing记得曾做过某事remembertodo记住要做某事forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事,forgettodo忘了没做某事regretdoing后悔已做了某事regrettodo对将要做的事感到遗憾trydoing试着做某事;trytodo尽力做某事meandoing意味着做某事;meantodo打算做某事stopdoing停止做某事;stoptodo停下来做某事goondoing继续做某事;goontodo接下来做某事5.IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswimtoday.动名词和不定式都可作主、宾和表语，动名词表示一般、抽象的行为，而不定式表示具体、特定的行为。作定语1.awritingdesk2.aswimmingpool3.drinkingwater4.asleepingcar=acarforsleeping卧车动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途cf:asleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作动名词的复合结构1.Mary’scominglateagainmadetheteacherveryangry.=ThatMarycamelateagainmadetheteacherveryangry.Marycamelateagain,whichmadetheteacherveryangry.2.Wouldyoumindmy/mesmoking?复合结构作主语用所有格,作宾语用所有格或宾格3.Thenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosedcouldbeheardoutinthestreet.desk指物,只能用普通格4.Hisnotbeingallowedtoplaymadehimangry.动名词的被动和完成式1.Beingforcedtoleavetheclassroommadehimfeelembarrassed.2.Headmittedhavingstolenthecar.I’mawfullysorryforhavingkeptyouwaitingsolong.Theparticiple(具有形容词和副词的性质)主动被动现在分词一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done作表语(doing/done)Thenewsisexciting.Weareexcited.cf:Hisjobisraisingpigs.动名词Hisaimistowinthefirstprize.