高中英语必修四unit2-Working-the-land-语法-ing作主语和宾语(含习题答案)

1BOOK4Unit2WorkingthelandThe–ingformastheSubjectandObject-ing形式作主语与宾语一、基本形式-ing形式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone1.Ihatetalkingwithsuchpeople.我讨厌与这样的人说话。2.Hedeniedhavingtakenanymoneyfromthecashregister.他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。3.Idon’tlikebeinglaughedatinpublic.在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。4.Iamverypleasedatyourhavingbeenhonoredwithamedal.我很高兴你能获得奖牌。【注意】：动名词的否定式：not+V-ingIregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.我很抱歉不能帮助你。二、基本用法1．作主语★1）直接位于句首做主语Readingisanart.读书是一种艺术。Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.爬山真是有趣。Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffering.在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。【注意】：单个的动词ing形式做主语时，谓语动词为单数★2）用it作形式主语，把-ing形式(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。Itwashardgettingonthecrowdedstreetcar.上这种拥挤的车真难。Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。【注意】：Itis+nouse/nogood/awasteoftime…+v-ingItisuseless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring//foolish/nice/apleasure…+v-ing3）用于“Therebe”结构中。Thereisnosayingwhenhe'llcome.很难说他何时回来。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.对这种事情不是开玩笑。Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.历史的车轮不可阻挡。【注意】：常用句型：Thereisno+v.ing=Itisimpossibletodo…在“Therebe”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。4）用于布告形式的省略结构中。Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).禁止吸烟。Noparking.禁止停车。22.作宾语1）作动词的宾语★某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise,suggest,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,delay,practise,resist,postpone(推迟)，deny(否认),appreciate(欣赏，感激),escape,excuse,pardon,putoff,giveup等。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?把窗户打开好吗？ShesuggestedgoingtotheGreatWallforthespringouting.她建议去长城春游。Markoftenattemptstoescapebeingfinedwheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。★在下面这种结构中it作形式宾语时，后面的动词ing形式才是真正的宾语：find/think/consider…+it（形式宾语）+nouse/nogood/useless…+v.ing（真正宾语）.Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?你认为再试一次有好处吗？2）作介词的宾语★能接动词-ing形式的有：thinkof/about,dreamof/about,hearof,prevent/keep/stop…from…,dependon,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,be/getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto,begoodat,dowellin,befondof,beinterestedin,betiredof,beafraidof,spend…(in),feellike,prefer…to…,insteadof,incaseof等。Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我们休息呢还是开始干活？AnnhasbeenlookingforwardtocomingtoChinaforalongtime.安好久以来就盼望着来中国。【注意】：在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：（1）S+have+trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/astruggle/agoodtime/ahardtime+(in)+v.ing（2）S+spendtime/money+(in)+V-ing（3）S+bebusy+(in)+V-ingWearebusy(in)preparingforthecomingsportsmeet.我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。Doyouhaveanydifficulty(in)understandingspokenEnglish?要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？3）有些动词后既可以接动词-ing形式，也可以接动词不定式（1）在love,like,hate,prefer等动词后，如果表示一般倾向，多用V-ing做宾语；如指特定的或具体的某次行为，多用不定式作宾语。Ilikereadingbooksinmysparetime.Iliketoreadthatbook.★（2）在remember,forget,stop,try,regret,mean等词后，既可接不定式又可动词ing形式，但意义不同。a.rememberdoing记得做过某事remembertodo记住去做某事d.trydoing试着做某事（看看会发生什么）trytodo努力（试图）做某事b.forgetdoing忘记做过某事forgettodo忘记去做某事e.regretdoing对已做过的事表示后悔regrettodo对要做的是表示抱歉或遗憾c.stopdoing停止做某事f.meandoing意味着3stoptodo停止正在做的事去干别的事meantodo打算做某事（3）permit,allow,advise,forbid等词后如果不接某人就用动名词；如果后接某人做某事就用不定式作宾补。Theyallowsmokinghere.他们允许在这里抽烟。Thevillagersdidn’tallowthemtodothis.村民们不允许他们做这件事。★（4）表示“需要”意思的want,need,require,等动词后以及值得表示“值得”意思的deserve，beworth后可用主动形式表示被动含义。Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.这种曲子很值得多听几遍。Mywatchneedsrepairing.=Mywatchneedstoberepaired.3.复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(=Thatshecametohelpencouragedallofus.)Wouldyoumindmy/meusingyourcomputer?用下你的电脑介意吗？三、巩固训练1.Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon’tlike_________thismorning.A.swimming,swimmingB.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimming2.LittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking3.----“Didyouclosethedoor?”----“Yes,Iremember__________it.”A.tocloseB.toclosingC.closingD.closed4.Remember__________thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback5.Lindadoesn’tfeellike__________abroad.Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy6.Henryalwaysforgetsthingshehasdone.Yesterdayheforgot__________andlookedforiteverywhere.A.toposttheletterB.tohavetheletterpostedC.tohavepostedtheletterD.havingpostedtheletter7.Mybrotherregretted__________alecturegivenbyProfessorLiu.A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissed8.Iregret__________youthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.toinforming9.Ifelttiredwithwalking,soIstopped__________abreakforanhour.A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totaking10.Theteachertoldthestudentstostop__________tohim.A.towriteandlistenB.writingandlisteningC.towriteandlisteningD.writingandtolisten11.----Ourmathsteacherwantedyoutodoyourhomeworkagain.4----Icanjustimaginehim______that.A.sayB.sayingC.tosayD.said12.Doyoumind_____aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane'sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft13.Hefinishedhishomework,thenhewenton__________aletter.A.w