必修3.unit4-主语从句

GrammarNounClauses名词性从句TheObjectClause(宾语从句)?Review:定义：在复合句中作____的从句，通常位于动词或介词之后。ThePredicativeClause（表语从句）定义：在复合句中作_____的从句，通常位于系动词之后。宾语表语1.Mayweaskwhatyouaredoinginthiscountry?2.Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.3.Ididn’tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.4.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand.5.That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句Identifythefollowingclauses:Whatkindofclausesarethey?表语从句表语从句主语从句theSubjectClause定义：在复合句中作句子的____的句子，主语通常位于句首,句子中谓语动词的前面。Findthesubjectsinthefollowingsentences.1.Aplaneisamachine.2.Youarestudents.3.Toseeistobelieve.4.Smokingisbadforyou.n.名词作主语pron.代词作主语带to的动词不定式作主语动名词作主语5.Thatwestudyhardisimportant.6.Whowillgomakesnodifference.7.Whathetoldusmadeussurprised.8.Whydinosaursdiedoutremainsamystery.句子作主语，即主语从句引导主语从句的连接词连词（不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whomwhose,whichthat,whetherwhen,where,how,why主语,宾语,表语定语状语1.______hewillcomeiscertain.2.______hewillcomeisuncertain.选择合适的引导词填空：ThatWhetherWho3._______willgomakesnodifference.4._______hetoldusmadeussurprised.5._______teamwillwinisnotclear.WhatWhich6._______sheisfromisunknown.7.___________hewillcomebackisaquestion.8._________dinosaursdiedoutisapuzzle.WhereWhen\WhetherWhy\How主语宾语定语主语从句的语序：一般情况下从句都是使用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语动词在后。Whichsentenceiscorrect?1.Wheresheisfromisunknown.2.Whereisshefromisunknown.(×)(√)从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词一般为：第三人称单数形式。Wheresheisfromisunknown.Whenhewillcomebackisaquestion.但由what引导的主语从句，主句的谓语动词单复数要根据主句的语境来决定。Whatweneed_____water.(be)Whatweneed_____books.(be)isareSUMUP•主语从句的定义：在复合句中作主语的从句。•主语从句要由引导词that,whether,who,whom,whose,what,why,when,where,how等引导，而且不能省略引导词。•主语从句一般使用陈述语序。•从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词一般为第三人称单数形式。找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词,并且指出引导词是否充当成分,充当什么成分。1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2.Whoeverbreaksthelawissuretobepunished.3.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.4.Whentheywillhavethesportsmeetisstillaquestion.7.Itremainsaproblemwhetheritistrue.8.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.it作形式主语的that从句：为了避免句子头重脚轻，可以把it作形式主语放在句首，把真正的主语从句置于句末。1.Thatweshouldstudyhardisimportant.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.Itisimportantthatweshouldstudyhard.Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisimportantthat….重要的是…Itisobviousthat……很明显……Itisnecessarythat…有必要…It+be+v-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntoallthat….众所周知…Itissaidthat……据说……It+be+名词＋that从句Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……It+不及物动词＋that从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Exercise:translatethefollowingsentences:1.Itisafactthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2.Itisknowntoallthatairisimportanttous.3.Itseemedthathewastellingthetruth.4.Itisobviousthatsheisnervous.事实是地球绕着太阳转。众所周知，空气对我们很重要。似乎他说的是实话。很明显她很紧张。1.由that引导的主语从句that引导的主语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，本身没有实际意义，只起引导作用，但不能省略。1.Thatwestudyhardisimportant.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.Correctornot?Sheisstillaliveisgoodnewstous.Westudyhardisimportant.(×)Theearthisroundisknowntoall.(×)(×)Thatsheisstillaliveisgoodnewstous.2.由whether引导的主语从句whether引导的主语从句在从句中也不作任何成分，但有意思，“是否”，位于句首。Whetherheiscomingisuncertain.他是否会来不确定。Itisuncertainwhetherheiscoming.不确定他是否会来。注意：whether引导主语从句：“是否”表不确定的事情。放在句首，但if不能。3.连接代词who,what,which,whoever,whatever等引导的主语从句，在从句中充当成分，不能省略。Whowillgomakesnodifference.Whathetoldusmadeussurprised.Whichteamwillwinisnotclear.Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelight.谁会去没有差别。他告诉我们的话使我们吃惊。哪一队会赢不清楚。无论是谁最后离开房间应该关灯。3.连接副词where，when,why,how等引导的主语从句，在从句中充当状语成分，不能省略。Wheresheisfromisunknown.Whenhewillcomebackisaquestion.Whydinosaursdiedoutisapuzzle.Howlifebeganontheearthmakesusinterested.她从哪来没人知道。他什么时候回来是一个问题。恐龙为什么灭绝是一个谜。地球上的生命是如何开始的使我们感兴趣如何选择主语从句的引导词？如果从句缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺考虑that或whether。Tips:根据句子意思，分析引导词和主语从句的结构和关系1.______hewillcomeiscertain.2.______hewillcomeisuncertain.选择合适的引导词填空：3._______willgomakesnodifference.4._______hetoldusmadeussurprised.5._______teamwillwinisnotclear.6._______sheisfromisunknown.7.__________hewillcomebackisaquestion.8._______dinosaursdiedoutisapuzzle.9________lifebeganontheearthmakesusinterested.1.______hewillcomeiscertain.2.______hewillcomeisuncertain.选择合适的引导词填空：ThatWhetherWho3._______willgomakesnodifference.4._______hetoldusmadeussurprised.5._______teamwillwinisnotclear.WhatWhich6._______sheisfromisunknown.7.__________hewillcomebackisaquestion.8._______dinosaursdiedoutisapuzzle.9________lifebeganontheearthmakesusinterested.WhereWhen\WhetherWhy\HowHowHOMEWORK•细读Unit4课文，找出文中的主语从句•完成《全优课堂》P61ⅠⅢ