Unit-8

EconomicGrowthIsaPathtoPerdition,NotProsperityBackgroundinformation•1.BriefdescriptionofthesituationbeforeDarwin’stheorywasaccepted•2.Intelligentdesign•3.Keynesianeconomics•4.Faustianbargain•5.Theecologicalfootprint•6.TheconceptofGDPBackgroundinformationGDPasanationalgoalindeedisarelativelyrecentturnofevents.Inourcountryitisadoptedonlyasaresultofthereformandopenpolicy.Andtheunderliningtheorydoesseemtobesoundtoacertaindegree.•OurexperienceshowsthathighGDPdoesequalmoreprofits,morejobs,moreofeverythingforourconsumption,andmoreprestige,power,andgloryforthenation.Buttheauthorofthisessaychallengesthisbasicassumption.•FaustianBargain浮士德的交易•FaustistheprotagonistofaclassicGermanlegend.Heisascholarwhoishighlysuccessfulyetdissatisfiedwithhislife,sohemakesapactwiththeDevil,exchanginghissoulforunlimitedknowledgeandworldlypleasures.TheFaustlegendhasbeenthebasisformanyliterary,artistic,cinematic,andmusicalworksthathavereinterpreteditthroughtheages.•FaustandtheadjectiveFaustianimplyasituationinwhichanambitiouspersonsurrendersmoralintegrityinordertoachievepowerandsuccessforadelimitedterm.•浮士德是德国16世纪民间传说中一个神秘性人物。据说他用自己的血和魔鬼签订契约，出卖灵魂给魔鬼，以换取世间的权利、知识和享受。•全球化并非全无痛楚。它既能创造工作机会，又会剥夺工作机会；它既能创造美好的科技世界，又会摧毁宜人的生态环境。人们必须为了繁荣和兴盛买单，代价也许是非常沉重的。恶化的生态环境给高能耗发展模式宣判了死刑。发展是为了人类而存在，还是人类为了发展而存在？这观点值得我们深思。人们在获取的同时，也被盗走了很多。这就是浮士德式的交易。Structure•Part1(1-3)•Part2(4-11)•Part3(12-25)•Part4(26-29)•Part1(1-4)•Part2(5-25)•Part3(26-29)TextAnalysisStructure1Para.1-4Introduction:economicgrowthisourgreatsustainingmyth2Para.5-25Body:economicgrowthcannotbethesolutiontoourproblems,butsourceofourproblems3Para.26-29Conclusion:wecanchangeourideaandthefateoftheearthisdependentonitDetailedDiscussionoftheText•EconomicGrowthIsaPathtoPerdition,NotProsperity•Economicgrowthleadstofailureanddisaster,notprosperity.•alliteration:“path,”“perdition”and“prosperity”Theme•Economicgrowthv.environmentalprotection•Economicgrowthv.socialequalityandwell-being•TheGDP-driventest•查尔斯达尔文是一位治学严谨的科学家。他于1859年发表了其开创性的著作：《物种起源》。而在这之前，他花了20年的时间对他的分析进行推敲加工，并对文字进行反复润色。•Darwin'sslimvolumewas...(2)•a“gamechanger”:•aworkthatchangestheoverallviewsofmanyscientificfields;•agroundbreakingwork•改变游戏规则的（著作）•...Darwinwassailingintochoppy...(2)•sailingintochoppywaters:comingtoapartoftheseathatisroughwithsmallwaves;•enteringadangerousfieldwhereyoumayeasilygetintoserioustrouble•达尔文可谓闯入了波涛汹涌的水域•setrigidboundaries:toestablishstrictruleslimitingyourthinkingoraction•同时，所有生命都是上帝缔造的，神圣而不可改变。•We,too,aretrappedin...(4)•Wearealsofooledbythesamekindofmyththatmadeusunabletothinkcritically,•betrapped:tobeforcedintoapositionfromwhichescapeisdifficult•Para.1-4Introduction:economicgrowthisourgreatsustainingmyth.•Theequationhasbeendrummed…(6)•drumsthintosb:toforcesthtobelearnedbysbbyrepeatingitoverandoveragain•灌输•这两者之间对等的观念在我们的头脑里长期灌输的结果是，它已经为大家所接受，大家都认为它是正确的。•Yetthisisarelativelyrecentturn…(7)•aturnofevents:sthimportantandsurprisingthathashappened•beenaround:hasexisted•SystemofNationalAccounts:•Itisaninternationalstandardsystemofnationalaccounts.TheaimofSNAistoprovideanintegrated,completesystemaccountsenablinginternationalcomparisonsofallsignificanteconomicactivity.•(国家收支计算制度)•HermanDaly(7)(1938-)anAmericanecologicaleconomistandprofessorattheUniv.ofMaryland.HewassenioreconomistintheEnvironmentDepartmentoftheWorldBank,wherehehelpedtodeveloppolicyguidelinesrelatedtosustainabledevelopment.Heiscloselyassociatedwiththeoriesofasteadystateeconomy.Heiswidelycreditedwithhavingoriginatedtheideaofuneconomicgrowth.•”所谓“平稳”，赫尔曼戴利指的是人口基数保持不变的情况下“从第一阶段的生产到最后阶段的消费，其间物质和能源的流动尽可能保持低的水平。”•Thelatestglobaleconomicslumpunderlines…(8)•property:apieceoflandoftenwithbuildingsonitthatisownedbyaperson.•plummet:tofallsuddenlystraightdown,esp.fromahighplace•bankruptciespileup:bankruptciesincreasetoapointhardtomanage•unemploymentsoars:unemploymentincreasesdrastically•socialpathologiesmultiply:socialdiseasesincreasetoagreatnumber•resurgence:agrowththatoccursafteraperiodwithoutgrowthorincrease.•primethepump:Originallyitmeanstopreparethepumpforuse,usu.bypouringwaterintothepumpHere:tousegovernmentinvestmenttoboosttheeconomy刺激经济•taxbreaks:taxreductions•fiscalstimulus:measurestakenbythegovernmentsuchaslowerinterestratestostimulateeconomicdevelopment•Keynesianeconomics(8)•ThereforeKeynesianeconomicshascomeback,whicharguesthatthegovernmentmuststimulateorrevivetheeconomybythrowinginitsfundsandcuttingtaxes,hopingthatinthisway,itwillencourageprivateinvestment,increaseproduction,andcreatemorejobs.•Endlessaccumulationandexpansion…(10)•Itisthecoreofcapitalismbecausecapitalismisdrivennotbyhumanbeings’subsistence（生存）needs,butbythesearchforprofit.Thereforeitmustendlesslyaccumulateforincreasedreinvestmentandexpandedbusiness.•Considerthis:…abreathtakingnumber…(11)•一想到人类用全部精力来实现了1950年全球经济总量达到6万亿美元，你就不由得对如今的增长瞠目结舌。•Theupshotisthatthenaturalenvironment,…issidelined...(12)•Theresultthatthenaturalenvironmentwhichisvitalforhumanlifeandeconomyisneglected.•sidelined:(AmE,usa.passive)removedfromactiveparticipationasinathleticcontests•...butasarealmtobeexploited...(12)•Thenaturalenvir