stopping-by-woods-on-a-snowy-evening翻译及赏析

StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening[雪夜林边小驻]WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow,我知道林子的主人是谁，Hishouseisinthevillagethough.虽村落是他所居之地。Hewillnotseemestoppinghere,他不会看到我停留于此，Towatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.凝视他的林子雪花纷飞。Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer,我的小马一定以我为怪，Tostopwithoutafarmhousenear,近无房舍，为何停伫。Betweenthewoodsandfrozenlake,况只有林子与冰湖，Thedarkesteveningoftheyear.和一年中最黑之夜。Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake,他轻摇铃具Toaskifthereissomemistake.询问有错与否。Theonlyothersound'sthesweep,唯一的回复来自，Ofeasywindanddownyflake.软雪和清风。Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.林子很美——昏暗而幽深，ButIhavepromisestokeep,但我已有约定。AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.沉醉前还有一段路要走AndmilestogobeforeIsleep沉醉前还有一段路要走。1Summary:Onthesurface,thispoemissimplicityitself.Thespeakerisstoppingbysomewoodsonasnowyevening.Heorshetakesinthelovelysceneinnear-silence,istemptedtostaylonger,butacknowledgesthepullofobligationsandtheconsiderabledistanceyettobetraveledbeforeheorshecanrestforthenight.Form:Thepoemconsistsoffour(almost)identicallyconstructedstanzas.Eachlineisiambic,withfourstressedsyllables:Withinthefourlinesofeachstanza,thefirst,second,andfourthlinesrhyme.Thethirdlinedoesnot,butitsetsuptherhymesforthenextstanza.Forexample,inthethirdstanza,queer,near,andyearallrhyme,butlakerhymeswithshake,mistake,andflakeinthefollowingstanza.Thenotableexceptiontothispatterncomesinthefinalstanza,wherethethirdlinerhymeswiththeprevioustwoandisrepeatedasthefourthline.Donotbefooledbythesimplewordsandtheeasinessoftherhymes;thisisaverydifficultformtoachieveinEnglishwithoutdebilitatingapoem'scontentwithforcedrhymes.Commentary:Thisisapoemtobemarveledatandtakenforgranted.Likeabigstone,likeabodyofwater,likeastrongeconomy,howeveritwasforgeditseemsthat,oncemade,ithasalwaysbeenthere.Frostclaimedthathewroteitinasinglenighttimesitting;itjustcametohim.Perhapsonehot,sustainedburstistheonlywaytocastsuchacompleteobject,inwhichformandcontent,shapeandmeaning,arealloyedinextricably.Oneistemptedtoreadit,nodquietlyinrecognitionofitssplendorandmultivalentmeaning,andjustmoveon.Butonemustwriteessays.Orstudyguides.Likethewoodsitdescribes,thepoemislovelybutenticesuswithdarkdepths--ofinterpretation,inthiscase.Itstandsaloneandbeautiful,theaccountofamanstoppingbywoodsonasnowyevening,butgivesusacome-hitherlookthatbegsustoloaditwithafullinventoryofpossiblemeanings.Weprotest,wemakeapologies,wepointtothedangersofreadingpoetryinthisway,butunlikethespeakerofthepoem,wecannotresist.Thelasttwolinesarethetrueculprits.TheymakeastrongclaimtobethemostcelebratedinstanceofrepetitioninEnglishpoetry.ThefirstAndmilestogobeforeIsleepstayswithintheboundariesofliteralnesssetforthbytherestofthepoem.Wemaysuspect,aswehaveuptothispoint,thatthepoemimpliesmorethanitsaysoutright,butwecan'tinsistonit;thepoemhasgonebysofast,andseemedsostraightforward.ThencomesthesecondAndmilestogobeforeIsleep,likeasoftyetpenetratinggong;itcanbeneitherignorednorforgotten.ThesounditmakesisAhhh.AndwemustreadtheversesagainandagainandoffertrenchantremarksandexplaintheAhhhinwordsfarinferiortothepoem.Forthelastmilestogonowseemslikelife;thelastsleepnowseemslikedeath.Thebasicconflictinthepoem,resolvedinthelaststanza,isbetweenanattractiontowardthewoodsandthepullofresponsibilityoutsideofthewoods.Whatdowoodsrepresent?Somethinggood?Somethingbad?Woodsaresometimesasymbolforwildness,madness,thepre-rational,theloomingirrational.Butthesewoodsdonotseemparticularlywild.Theyaresomeone'swoods,someone'sinparticular--theownerlivesinthevillage.Butthatownerisinthevillageonthis,thedarkesteveningoftheyear--sowouldanysensiblepersonbe.Thatiswherethedivisionseemstolie,betweenthevillage(orsociety,civilization,duty,sensibility,responsibility)andthewoods(thatwhichisbeyondthebordersofthevillageandallitrepresents).Ifthewoodsarenotparticularlywicked,theystillpossesstheseedoftheirrational;andtheyare,atnight,dark--withallthevariedconnotationsofdarkness.Partofwhatisirrationalaboutthewoodsistheirattraction.Theyarerestful,seductive,lovely,dark,anddeep--likedeepsleep,likeoblivion.Snowfallsindownyflakes,likeablankettolieunderandbecoveredby.Andhereiswheremanyreadersheardarkundertonestothislyric.Toresttoolongwhilesnowfallscouldbetoloseone'sway,tolosethepath,tofreezeanddie.Doesthispoemexpressadeathwish,consideredandthendiscarded?Dothewoodssingasiren'ssong?Tobelulledtosleepcouldbetrulydangerous.Isallowingoneselftobelulledakintogivingupthestruggleofprudenceandself-preservation?Ordoesthepoemmerelydescribethetemptationtositandwatchbeautywhileresponsibilitiesareforgotten--tosuccumbtoamoodforawhile?Thewoodssitontheedgeofcivilization;onewayoranother,theydrawthespeakerawayfromit(anditspromises,itsgoodsense).Societywouldcondemnstoppinghereinthedark,inthesnow--itisilladvised.Thespeakerascribessociety'sreproachtothehorse,whichmayseem,atfirst,abitodd.Butthehorseisadomesticatedpartofthecivilizedorderofthings;itisthenearestthingtosociety'sagentatthisplaceandtime.Andhavingthehorsereprovethespeaker(evenifonlyinthespeaker'simagination)helpshighlightseveraluniquelyhumanfeaturesofthespeaker'sdilemma.Oneistheregardforbeauty(oftenflyinginthefaceofpracticalconcernorthesurviv