彩色金相图谱

MetalspecimensetMetallurgicalStudyforTISMOTION&CONTROLPTELTENO63UBIAVENUE1,#03-01,PAYAUBIINDUSTRIALPARKSINGAPORE408934.Tel.:[phone]Fax:[phone]Themicrostructurescantelltheproperties,quality,andthecharacteristicsofmetals.Metalswithdifferentcompositionsanddifferentheattreatmentconditionwillbedifferentinmicrostructures.Thesesetofspecimenscontainsvariouskindsofferrousmetalinvariousconditions.ThesespecimenscanbeusedasthereferenceinstudyingofMetallurgy,Foundry,HeatTreatment,andManufacturingProcesses,etc.Thereare30piecesofspecimeninthisset.Eachspecimenisprepared,etched,andcoatedwithtransparencycoatingmaterialtoprotectthespecimensurfaceandtobeabletobeseenundermicroscope.withoutanycleaningprocess.Thespecimenswerekeptinthreewoodenboxes,10pieceseach.Thedataandspecimendescriptionsandmicro-photographsarepreparedandcombinedasabookandsuppliedtogetherwiththespecimens.TISMOTION&CONTROLPTELTDPreface1.GeneralbackgroundandIntroduction……………………….1-72.Carbonsteels2.1Lowcarbonsteel……………………………………………8-152.2Mediumcarbonsteel…………………………………….16-212.3Highcarbonsteel……………………………………………..22-293.Lowalloysteels3.1AISI4130steel………………………………………………….30-333.2AISI4340steel………………………………………………….34-354.Castirons4.1Graycastiron………………………………………………….36-414.2Whitecastiron………………………………………………….42-434.3Malleableiron………………………………………………..44-454.4Nodularcastiron………………………………………………..46-494.5BainiticDuctileIron(BDI)…………………………………….50-514.6Wearresistantcastiron(Alloycastiron)…………………….52-535.Toolsteels5.1Highcarbonhighchromiumtoolsteel(AISID2)…………..54-575.2Moldtoolsteel(AISIP20)…………………………………….58-615.3Highspeedsteel…………………………………………..…..62-636.Caststeel6.1Highmanganesesteel…………………………………….64-67Contents1.GeneralBackgroundandIntroduction1.1GeneralEngineeringMaterials:Engineeringmaterialscanbeclassifiedintotwoclasses,MetalandNon-metal.AMetal:anelementthathasseveralmetallicpropertiesasthefollowings:1.Shinyappearance.2.Givesonoroustonewhenstruck.3.Goodconductionofheatandelectricity.4.Highmalleablity(canberolledorpressedintoshape).5.Highductility(canbedrawnintowire).6.Withpossibleemissionofelectronswhenheated(thermioniceffect)orwhenthesurfaceisstruckbylight(photoelectriceffect).7.Hardandheavy.8.Nottransparent.Allmetalshavesomeoftheseproperties.Somemetalshaveeveryoneoftheseproperties.Thereareabout70elementsareclassifiedasmetals:e.g.Fe,Cr,Ni,Mg,Al,Cuetc.ANon-metal:anelementwithcertainphysicalandchemicalpropertiesoppositetothoseofmetalsNon-metalsacceptelectrontoformnegativelychargedions.Thereareabout20elementsareclassifiedasmetals:e.g.S,P,C,SiandFetc.Themetalscanbedevidedintotwoclasses:Non-ferrousmetalsandFerrousmetalswhicharealsodevidedintomanysub-classesasshowninFig.1.TheNon-metalsarePolymersandCeramicareoutofthescopeofthisbook.AllspecimensmentionedinthisbookareFerrousmetalsandpickedupfromCarbonsteels,Lowalloysteels,Castirons,Toolsteels,andCaststeels.1.2.SteelMakingCarbonsteels,Lowalloysteels,andToolsteelsaremadeasshowninFig.2.CastironsandCaststeelsaremadeasshowninFig.3.1.3.SpecimenSelectionThespecimenwerecutfromthespecifiedroundbarsandflatbarsofCarbonsteels,Lowalloysteels,andToolsteelsandheattreatedaccordingtothespecifiedprocesses.ThespecimenofCastiron(graycastiron,nodulariron,andBainiticDuctileIron)werecastedbyusinginductionfurnaceandsandmold,thenheattreatedaccordingtothespecifiedprocesses.SpecimenNo.29,30arespecialalloycaststeel,alsowerecastedintheinductionfurnacewithhighpercentageofMnadditionandgoodqualitycontrol.No.29isinascastconditionandNo.30isafterannealing.1.4.SpecimenpreparationEveryspecimenwaspreparedaccordingtotheprocessesshowninFig.4.1.5.HeattreatmentprocessesGeneralheattreatmentprocessesareshowninFig.5andtheheattreatmentprocessesappliedforeachspecimensisshownineachdatasheetforeachspecimen.1SteelsPolymerCeramicCaststeelSpec.#29,30RubberGeneralHigh-MnCeramiccarbonPlasticSpec.#18CarbonsteelsteelEnginneringCeramicSpec.#20,21MalleableironLow-CsteelSpec.#190.05-0.30CSpec.#1to4AlloysteelGraphiteGraphitefreebearingPearliticMartensiticHigh-CrironAcicularSpec.#12to14whiteironwhiteiron11-28%CrHighstrengthWearresistantWearresistantWear,corrosion,wearresistantandheatresistantSpec.#23AusteniticToolsteel18%NiNi-resistCarbontoolHeatandcorrosionresistantHeatandcorrosionresistantsteel(W)FerriticSpec.#24,25Spec.#26,27Spec.#28Austenitice.g.304,316AlloystructuralsteelheatresistantcorrosionresistantMachineriessteelRephoshorizedandResulfurizedcarbonsteelStructuralSteelSpec.#8to11StainlesssteelCarbonstructuralsteele.g.Springsteel,Siliconsteel,Heatresistingsteel,Magneticsteel,CorrosionresistingsteelAusteniticDuctileIron(ADI)BainiticDuctileIron(BDI)Spec.#2218%Ni,5%SiNicrosilalHigh,15%,Siiron5%Siiron(Silal)FerrousMetalsGeneralEnginneringMaterialsNon-FerrousMetalsMetalse.g.Copper,Aluminum,anditsalloys;Super-alloysetc.GraycastironCastIronWroughtsteelSpec.#5to7Spec.#15to17MottledcastironWhitecastironDuctilecastironAlloycastironCompositMaterialNon-resulfurizedcarbonsteelResulfurizedcarbonsteelUltra-high-Csteel,1-2%CMed.Csteel0.30-0.60CHigh-Csteel0.60-1.00CLowandmediumalloysteelHighalloysteelUltra-hi