北师大高一英语语法讲解：定语从句(主要要点)

考点一：修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分只能使用that不能用which的情况：1.当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,everyone,everybody,nobody,anyone,anybody等不定代词时。eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2.当先行词被表示数量的all,any,some,no,not,every,each,thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。Eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4.当先行词又有人又有物时。eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?只能使用which不能用that的情况1.非限制性定语从句中。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2.在介词之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.隐形的翅膀•每一次都在which和that中挣扎•这一次彻底搞清楚就不闪泪光•我知道，我只要分清which的地盘•其他的，通常要用that•先行词不定，或者被“多少”修饰•含有最高级或序数词•同时指代人和物，或者为避免重复•以上全部用that考点二.关系副词引导的定语从句When先行词是时间,在从句中做状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.We’llneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.Where先行词是地点，在从句中做状语Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.Why先行词是原因，在从句中做状语Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.先行词是表示时间时，一定用when吗Iwillneverforgettheday_____welivedtogether.Iwillneverforgettheday____wespentinBeijing.1、先行词表示时间时，如果从句句子成分完整，或者从句谓语动词是不及物动词，那关系词就选when或介词+which;如果是从句谓语动词是及物动词，用which或that都行。when(which/that)当先行词表示地点，一定用where吗Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.2、先行词表示地点时，如果从句句子成分完整或从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，用关系副词where或介词+which;如果是及物动词时，用which或that都可以。例如：live,work,visit，碰到这几个词要注意(which/that)whereThereason__________hewaslateforschoolishisclockbroke.Thereason__________hegavetomeishisclockbroke.3、先行词表示原因时，如果定语从句句子成分完整或者从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，用关系副词why或介词+which;如果是及物动词时，用which或that都可以。当先行词表示原因，一定用why吗why(which/that)when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。考点三:介词+关系代词1.关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面；也可以把介词提前到关系代词前，从句由“介词+关系代词”引出。2.介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替1.根据从句中的动词搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。TheoldmanafterwhomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.如何判断介词for但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?常见的不可拆分的词组有lookfor寻找，beproudof骄傲，lookafter照顾carefor喜欢；关心，dealwith处理，hearfromsb.收到某人来信，sendfor派人去请，seeto照顾，负责等2.根据从句中的形容词搭配Hetoldmesomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontofwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.如何判断介词with3.根据先行词与介词搭配阳光总在风雨后•whichwhom跟在介词后•这点不要搞错•选择介词靠谁呦？•从句动词词组、先行词。•但不是所有的介词•都可以被前置•固定的动词词组，•相守到老永远不分离1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.介词+关系代词的情况练习onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich考点四.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句1.定语从句分两种:限制性定语从句(RestrictiveAttributiveClauses)和非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauses)比较如下两组句子：1)PeoplewhospeakSpanishworkthere.John,whospeaksSpanish,worksthere.2)ThevillagewhereIwasbornisbeautiful.Lijiang,whereIwasborn,isbeautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略2.非限制性定语从句还可以修饰整个主句,一般由which（用于句中）和as(用于句首)引导.区别:which译成“这件事…”as译成“正如...”。Theearthgoesroundthesun,whichisknowntoeveryone.地球围绕太阳运转，这是大家都知道的。Air,asweknow,isamixtureofgases.正如我们所知道的,空气是各种气体的混合物记得要注意•记得用which,which•我提醒自己•在非限制性定语从句里相遇•不管指物，还是一整句•句中要用which1.Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyCShewillneverforgettheday_____shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A2.Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhichD、whichB3.Those_____totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whowantsD、whatB4.I，______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD5.Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB6.Hiswalkingstick,____hecan’twalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD7.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whatB8.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB9.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allD10.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_______werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthatC11.Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,five______wereEnglishnovels.A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhichA名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句12.HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_________areouroldfriends.HerearesomeplayersfromJapanandsomeof________areouroldfriends.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.them非限制性定语从句并列句CD今生共相伴•定语从句有多难？我亦心坦然。•把握好先行词和成分也不难•分析从句成分，找出主谓宾•缺主语or宾语,就用which,thatwho或whom•如果句子不缺成分，用关系副词来带•选择why,when和where•认真走好这一步，不求一蹴而就•你莫叹定语苦与难。