视觉假体神经刺激器的发展现状和挑战

20107Jul．,2010274ChineseJournalofMedicalPhysicsVol．27．No．41，2，1，2（1.，200240;2.,100000）：（AMD）（RP）。，。，、。，。，，、。：；；；；DOI：doi：10.3969/j.issn.1005-202X.2010.04.026：R338.8：A：1005-202X（2010）04-2051-05TheDevelopmentandChallengesofNeuralStimulatorforVisualProshesisHUANGWei-chang1,WANGGuo-he2,WUKai-jie1,RENQiu-shi2(1.InstituteofLaserMedicineandBio-photonics,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200240,China;2.CollegeofEngineering,PekingUniversity,Beijing100000,China)Abstract：Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)andretinitispigmentosa(RP)arethemainreasonsresultinginuncurableretinaldiseasesofblind.Focusingonthesetwoblindingdiseases,developmentofvisualprosthesistoenableblindpeopletoseehasbecomeahottopicofscientificresearch.Thevisualprosthesisstimulator,asthekeymoduleofavisualprosthesis,translatesartificialvisualcodedinformationandaccesstoeffectivevisualevoked.Thisarticlefirstintroducesanumberofinternationallyrenownedvisualneuralstimulatordesign,analysestheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Onthisbasis,wealsofocusesonthevi-sualnervestimulatorchallengesandfuturedevelopmenttrends,includingtheflexibilityofthevisualnervestimulatordesign,low-powersupplydesign，wirelessenergyanddatatransmissiondesign.Keywords：visualprosthesis;neuralstimulator;wirelesstransmission;brain-computerinterface;visualfunctionalrecovery。，25%。（AMD）（RP）。RP、AMD。、、，、。，，，，，，。，，：2010-04-19：（973，：2005CB724302）、863（：2009AA04Z326）、(:60901026)：（1985-），（），，，。：，Email：[e-mail]2051--27420107[1,2]。，、，“”。，，，D/A，，，，，，[3,4]。：，，，。1，，，，、、，。1.1Second-SightArgusSecondSightArgus，，2004。Argus16，Argus60，[5]。，。：，，，；：，，。1.2BostonRetinalImplantProject80，、TheBostonRetinalImplantProject。。，，。[6]，（100kbps），1.5mW；（2.5mW），2.5mV。15800uA[7]。125kHz，2.5V，ASK13.56MHz。、，。，，1Argus[5]Fig.1Argusseriesstimulator[5]2BostonRetinalImplantProject[6]Fig.2ThestimulatordesignschemeofBostonRetinalImplantProject[6]3OptobionicsASR[8]Fig.3ASRseriesstimulatorofOptobionics[8]2052--27420107，，；，；，。。1.3OptobionicsASRChow[8]（Optobionics）ASR（ArtificialSiliconRetina），2mm，25μm，，5000（），，，，，，。：；，，，。，，；,。1.4AustralianVisionProsthesisGroup[9]（Epi-retinalProsthesis）。0.35μm，2.8mm×4.6mm，，20V，。14，，。:，，。：。2，，[10]:(1)。，。，，，。，，，。(2)。。，，，，。(3)。。，，，。，、、。，、，。，，，，，，，。，，、、，，，。，3，，。2.1，，。，，[9]。，，。，。，（）。，，。，，，，、。。，。，2，4：(1)；(2)，。（DAC），。，。：600~10002053--27420107，、。，，，。，DAC，，，，。，，。2.2，。，，。，。。。、。。，。，。IL，，（、）（、）。，（），。，，。（，，）。，，，，，。，，：t0，t1，t2，t3，Ia，Ic。，Ia×t2=Ic×t1W=I2Rt，I，R，t。，，，。，，，。，，。。，。，。Mahadevappa[11]，。，，，。2.3，。，[12-15]。，[13]。，。，，、。，，，。、。，42Fig.4Twodifferentkindsofelectrodestostimulatecontrolmode5Fig.5Stimulationofthetypicalpulse2054--27420107，。，，、。1000，20Bit，10Bit，50Hz，1.5Mbps。，10MHz，，。（1Mbps～2Mbps）。，L．H．Jung[14]WentaiLiu。，（1MHz）；（10MHz）。，，。，，。，，，。，，。3，，，，。，、3。，，；，(VLSI)(SoC)，，；，。、、，、、，，。：[1]BrindleyGS,LewinWS.Thesensationsproducedbyelectricalstim-ulationofthevisualcortex[J].TheJournalofPhysiology.196(2):479,1968.[2]DonaldsonP.Experimentalvisualprosthesis[J].Proc.IEE.120:281-298,1973.[3]GrumetAE,WyattJJ,RizzoJR.Multi-electrodestimulationandrecordingintheisolatedretina.[J].JNeurosciMethods.101(1):31-42,2000[4]JensenRJ,RizzoJR,ZivO.R.,etal.Thresholdsforactivationofrabbitretinalganglioncellswithanultrafine,extracellularmicroelec-trode.[J].InvestOphthalmolVisSci.44(8):3533-3543,2003.[5]HumayunMS,deJuanEJ,DagnelieG.,etal.Visualperceptionelicitedbyelectricalstimulationofretinainblindhumans.[J].ArchOphthalmol.114(1):40-46,1996.[6]RizzoJR,WyattJ,LoewensteinJ,etal.Perceptualefficacyofelectri-calstimulationofhumanretinawithamicroelectrodearrayduringshort-termsurgicaltrials.[J].InvestOphthalmolVisSci.44(12):5362-5369,2003.[7]SrivastavaNR,TroykPR,DagnelieG.Detection,eye--handcoordi-nationandvirtualmobilityperformanceinsimulatedvision[J].JournalofNeuralEngineering.6:35008,2009.[8]ChowAY,ChowVY,PackoKH,etal.Theartificialsiliconretinamicrochipforthetreatmentofvisionlossfromretinitispigmentosa.[J].ArchOphthalmol,2004,122(4):460-469.[9]DommelNB,WongYT,LehmannT,etal.ACMOSretinalneu-rostimulatorcapableoffocussed,simultaneousstimulation[J].JournalofNeuralEngineering,2009,6:35006.[10]LiuW,SivaprakasamM,WangG.,etal.Challengesinrealizingachronichigh-resolutionretinalprosthesis[J].ArtificialSight:BasicResearch,BiomedicalEngineering,andClinicalAdvances.Springer-Verlag:NewYork.:129-149,2007.[11]MahadevappaM,WeilandJD,YanaiD,etal.Perceptualthresholdsandelectrodeimpedancein3retinalprosthesissubjects.IEEETransactionsonNeuralSystemsandRehabilitationEngineering13:201-206[12]DommelNB,WongYT,LehmannT,etal.ACMOSretinalneu-rostimulatorcapableoffocussed,simultaneousstimulation[J].JournalofNeuralEngineering.6:35006,2009.[13]XuWR,LuoZY,SonkusaleS.FullyDigitalBPSKDemodulatorandMultilevelLSKBackTelemetryforBiomedicalImplantTransceivers[J].IEEETransactionsonCircuitsandSystemII-Ex-pressBriefs,2009,56:714-718.[14]JungLH,Byrnes-PrestonP,HesslerR,etal.ADualBandWirelessPowerandFSKDataTelemetryforBiomedicalImplants[J].2007AnnualInternationalConferenceoftheIEEEEngineeringinMedicineandBiologySociety,Vols1-16,2007:6597-6600.[15]ZhouMC,YuceMR,LiuWT.ANon-CoherentDPSKDataRe-ceiverWi