英语四级阅读

英语阅读阅读理解考试介绍四级阅读主要测试•掌握主旨大意•正确理解事实和细节•既理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论•既理解个别句子的意义，又理解上下文的逻辑关系•理解作者的态度•推测词义题目特点题材：•科技方面：如有关动植物，医学，海洋，地质，语言，空间技术等。•社科方面：如历史，家庭，婚姻，教育，伦理，犯罪，娱乐，交通，住房，环境，能源等。•科技：25％，社科人文：75％体裁：说明文，议论文为主•1）对社会、自然、思维等现象进行解释、阐述和论证•2)信息量大且比较复杂•3)逻辑性强•4）以抽象思维如概括、判断、推理为主结构：演绎：主旨句－实例－结论；归纳：事实－分析－主旨语言：长句难句较多常见题型•1.主旨题•2.推理题(包括作者的观点，态度，语气题）•3.细节题•4.语义题1主旨题（“mainidea”questions)•Themainideaofthispassageisthat___•Thepassageismainlyabout___•Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis__•Whathasbeendiscussedinthepassage?•Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?•Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?•Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe__•Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?•Thepassagemainlytellsus___主旨题注意点如果是考文章主题，那么正确答案一定具有概括性和结论性，细节性的选项肯定是错的。一、四级阅读理解题型分类---主旨题•如2005年考题，•Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?•A)TojustifythestudyoftheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter.•B)Tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingproperweight.•C)TosupportthestatementmadebyYorkOnnen.•D)Toshowthemosteffectivewaytoloseweight•一看这四个选项，就可以发现A和C里面包含十分具体信息“theBostonUniversityMedicalCenter”和“YorkOnnen”，是利用原文中的具体话题，某个细节内容而设计的干扰选项。Exercise(OverviewQuestions)•Everyscientificdisciplinetendstodevelopitsownspeciallanguagebecauseitfindsordinarywordsinadequate,andpsychologyisnodifferent.Thepurposeofthisspecialjargon(行话）isnottomystifynon-psychologists;rather,itallowspsychologiststoaccuratelydescribethephenomenatheyarediscussingandtocommunicatewitheachothereffectively.Ofcourse,psychologicalterminologyconsistsinpartofeverydaywordssuchasemotion,intelligence,andmotivation,butpsychologistsusethesewordssomewhatdifferently.Forexample,laymenusethetermanxietytomeannervousnessorfear,butmostpsychologistsusethetermtodescribeaconditionproducedwhenonefearseventsoverwhichonehasnocontrol.•Themaintopicofthispassageis________.•A.effectivecommunication•B.thespeciallanguageofpsychology•C.twodefinitionsofthewordanxiety•D.thejargonofscienceB2推理判断题•Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__•Fromthepassagewecaninfer(drawtheconclusion)that___•Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto___•Thepassageimplies(suggests)that___•Theauthor’sattitudetowards….is__•Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablybefound?•Theparagraphfollowingthispassagemostprobablydiscusses___推理题分类1综合推理判断题：归纳分析能力•推断作者态度与观点：文章主题句和段落主题句，字里行间，上下文，措词褒贬。•推断语篇与段落主旨：基本原则——以文章主旨或TS为基础，不能无原则的任意猜测2细节推理判断题：即某一细节的言外之意。原则---身在其外，意在其中。不能脱离该细节上下文来想象、推理。从原则上来讲，态度题可以考查作者对一个中心话题的看法，也可以考查作者对某一具体细节的态度，但是从历年考法来看，四级阅读更加注重考查文章中心话题。所以，态度题经常可以通过文章主题来判断作者的态度。如2003年6月考题，原文首句：It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadoptiveparentsthanwiththeparentsthatnaturedealtthem.题目：Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthejudge’srulingcouldbedescribedas______.A)doubtfulB)criticalC)cautiousD)supportive全文首句可以体现文章讨论的中心话题，它明确道出了作者的观点：有时小孩与养父母在一起比与亲生父母在一起更好。而原文中judge’sruling的结果就是把小孩判给了养父，所以作者一定会持支持态度，故选D。一、四级阅读理解题型分类---态度题态度题注意点考生应该熟练掌握在态度题中经常出现的单词，如positive,negative,optimistic,pessimistic,approving,concerned,objective,compromise等。另外，从以前四级考试的情况来看，作者的态度一般是或褒或贬，或乐观或担忧，中性评价为正确答案的较少。一、四级阅读理解题型分类---态度题•Whenapplegrowerstalkaboutnewvarietiesofapples,theydon’tmeansomethingdevelopedlastmonth,lastyear,oreveninthelastdecade.•A.Applegrowershaven’tdevelopedanynewvarietiesinrecentdecades.•B.Somevarietiesofapplescanbedevelopedinashorttime,butotherstakealongtime.•C.Newvarietiesofapplestakemanyyearstodevelop.(1)判断推测句中omnivorous一词的大意•Shehasawideinterestandisanomnivorousreader.•根据句中她“兴趣广”这一上文和被修饰的reader一词，可大概判断omnivorous具有“兴趣广、什么书都喜欢读”等含义。(2)根据前文，判断下文•Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.Nevertheless…•A)lazinesscanactuallybehelpful•B)lazinessisasignofmentalillness•C)lazinessisimmoralandwasteful•D)youmustbecarefulwhenyouseesomeonelazy•根据第一分句的语义倾向和Nevertheless一词，我们可得出这样的判断，即下文要谈的内容必然与之相反，即谈论Laziness也有其有利、肯定的一面，故A最有可能。•3细节掌握题（detailquestions)•WhichofthefollowingisTRUE(orNOTTRUE)?•WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinparagraphX?•Accordingtothepassage,alloffollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat____•Whichofthefollowingmayleadto(cause)__•Theauthorstronglyarguesfor(oragainst)…because____•Themainreasonfor…(orwhy..)isthat__•Theauthorgivesanexampleinpara.Xmainlytoshowthat___先看题干，再看原文，带着题干个别的特有信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位。如“Whatdidthehandballplayerdowhenhewasnotallowedatimeouttochangehisgloves?”就可以结合handballplayer这个中心话题在原文找答案。•四级细节题干有时会有比较明显的信息，如时间数字，专有名词，中心名词。如2005年1月考题：WhatwasconfirmedbytheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter’sstudy?题干中BostonUniversityMedicalCenter这个专有名词可以让考生迅速找到考到的原文内容。如果用题干信息在原文找答案没有结果，可以根据题目的先后顺序来确定大概范围(除个别例外，四级细节题大体上还是按照出题的先后顺序找答案的)。四级阅读理解题型分类---细节题3）关键词定位（特殊名词、时间点）1）建议考生先看题干再看文章，这样就会有方向感，目的感。2）以点带面，不必通篇全读三个建议细节题一、四级阅读理解题型分类---细节题•Initstypicalfeedingposition,aseaotter(水獭）swimsalongonitsbackasitusesarocktocracktheshellfishonwhichitfeeds.Then,tuckingtherockintoapocket-likefoldofskinunderitsarm(inwhichitalsooftenkeepsasupplyofextrafood),itwillturnanddivetothebottomformoreshellfish.Ottershavebeenplayingwithrocksandshells,throwingthemfromonepawtoanotherforhoursatatime.Motherottersusuallysheltertheiryoungontheirchests.Iftheyhavetoleavethepupsforanylengthoftime,motherottersmaywraptheminthestandofakelpplanttokeepthemfromdrif