亚瑟王

ThelegendofKingArthurKingArthur主讲内容2.TheSwordintheStone1.IntroducingArthur3.KnightofRoundTable4.Excalibur5.ArthurmeetsGuinevere6.ThefiveKings7.Lancelot8.TheHolyGrail9.KingArthurgoestoAvalonIstherearealmanbehindthemyth?KingArthurINTRODUCINGKINGARTHURHistoricalArthurDarkAgesLiteraryArthurMedievalArthuraspresentedinthelegendswasNOTarealperson.Therewas,however,achieftainnamedArthur.HistoricalArthurlivedintheDarkAges,attheendofthe5thandbeginningofthe6thcenturies.LiteraryArthurcomesfrommedievaltimes,duringthe12thcentury.HistoryofArthurCelticmythologyRomanticthemes+Fairylikeelements____________________ArthurianLegendThestoryofKingArthurisonethathasbeentoldforhundredsofyears.Therehavebeenpoems,books，cartoonsandevenfilmsmadeofhislife。KingArthur亚瑟王KingArthurisalegendaryBritishleaderwho,ledthedefenceofBritainagainsttheSaxoninvadersintheearly5thcentury.Heisthecentralfigureofmanylegends.theswordofthestone石中剑“WhosepulletoutthisswordfromthisstoneandanvilisdulybornKingofallEngland.”——凡能从石台上拔出此剑者，即为英格兰的天命之王。AthurthenewKingofEnglandtheswordofthestoneArthuristhebastard（私生子）ofKingBritainUtherandheirtothethrone.However，consideringhissafety，MerlinadvisedthatthebabyArthurshouldberaisedinasecretplaceandthatnoneshouldknowhistrueidentity.Butthefactis…?KnightofRoundTable圆桌骑士Soonafter，KingArthurmarriedQueenGuenevere（格尼薇儿）,herfathergiveshimaroundtableasdowry（嫁妆）thatcanaccommodate150people,whichcalled“TheWinchesterRoundTable温切斯特圆桌”。Everyyearsincethen,Arthur'smosttrustedknightswillbegatheredinthecastleofCamelot.Theround-tablesymbolizesloveandequality.Therefore,anyknightsseatedattheroundtablewillnotfindalowerstatusthanotherpeopleandfeelaggrieved.TheWinchesterRoundTable温切斯特圆桌1.Thespiritofknights骑士精神1.Toneverdooutragenormurder.永不暴怒和谋杀2.Alwaystofleetreason.永不背叛3.Tobynomeansbecruelbuttogivemercyuntohimwhoasksformercy.决不残忍，给予请求宽恕者以宽恕4.Toalwaysdoladies,gentlewomenandwidowssuccor总是给予女士以援助5.Toneverforceladies,gentlewomenorwidows.总是给予女士以援助6.Nottotakeupbattlesinwrongfulquarrelsforloveorworldlygoods.永不因为爱或言辞之利卷入争吵而战斗7.Toneverlaydownarms.永不放下武器8.Toseekafterwonders.追求奇迹9.Whencalledupon,todefendtherightsoftheweakwithallone'sstrengthRULES/CODESforKNIGHTSToneverdooutragenormurderAlwaystofleetreasonTobynomeansbecruelbuttogivemercyuntohimwhoasksformercyToalwaysdoladies,gentlewomenandwidowssuccor(togototheaidofoneindistress;tohelp)Toneverforceladies,gentlewomenorwidowsNottotakeupbattlesinwrongfulquarrelsforloveorworldlygoodsToneverlaydownarmsToseekafterwondersWhencalledupon,todefendtherightsoftheweakwithallone'sstrengthToinjurenooneNottoattackoneanotherTofightforthesafetyofone'scountryTogiveone'slifeforone'scountryToseeknothingbeforehonourNevertobreakfaithforanyreasonTopracticereligionmostdiligentlyTogranthospitalitytoanyone,eachaccordingtohisabilityWhetherinhonourordisgrace,tomakeareportwiththegreatestfidelitytotruthtothosewhokeeptheannals“Excalibur”王者之剑KingArthurTheSwordofStonewasbrokeasviolatingthespiritofknight，UndertheguidanceofMerlin,ArthurhadobtainedamagicalswordfromTheLadyOfTheLake（湖中仙女）.Thisswordwascalled“Excalibur”。Withtheswordscabbard（剑鞘），hewillnothurtandbleed.AlotofenemiestriedtoinvadeBritain:theSaxons（撒克逊人）,theJutes（朱特人）,thePitts（比特人andothers.WithhisfamousmagicalswordExcaliburandhisclosestknights,KingArthurfoughtagainsttheforcesofevilinEngland.CrownofKingArthurAftertwelvecampaigns，KingArthurfinallydrovebacktheSaxoninvaders、unitedtheFranceandsmashedtheRoman.Thearchbishop（主教）crownedhimatRomanchurch.TheHolyGrail（圣杯）KingArthurbeganinterestedinsearchingtreasures.Sohisknightsleftthecastletofindthelosttreasure,whichtheybelievedwouldcureallills，thiswasthe‘theHolyGrail’（圣杯）.Butmanyknightshavegonoreturn.Thus,withthereductionofknights,thepowerfulcountrywasgoingdownhill.thedeathofKingArthur亚瑟王之死KingArthurButKingArthurstilldispatchthetroopsandcrusadedagainstFrancepersonally.Atthistime,theamour（奸情）betweenthefirstknightcalledLancelot（兰斯洛特）andthequeenGuenevere（格尼薇儿）wasexposed.LancelotescapedtoFranceandestablishedhisownedterritory.HesavedGuenevereandthenreturnedherback.Therewasalongterriblebattle.Attheendofthebattle,KingArthurtookhisExcaliburandkilledMordred.Buthewasalsohurtanddying.ThesonofKingArthurandhishalfsisterMorgan摩根.Therelationbetweenthemarenotonlyfatherandson，butalsouncleandnephew.1.Mordred(莫德雷德)2.Camlan（著名的卡姆栏战役）KingArthuraskedhislastknighttodrewtheswordintoalake,wherethemagicalLadyoftheLakecouldlookafterit,andthenhedied.ItissaidthatthefairyoftheLaketookhetoAvalon（阿瓦隆）,inthesouth-westofEngland.Accordingtothelegend,ArthurwillriseagaintosaveEnglandifitiseverindangerinthefuture.启发：Thestoryisending，butdidArthurreallyexist？SomesayhewasaRoman,otherssayaBritonfightingtheinvadingSaxons,butthereisnoproofofhisexistence.Butperhapsthisdoesn'tmatter.Thestoryofagreat,nobleandbraveking,whodiedtosavehiscountry,isonethatpeopleofallgenerationsfindfascinating,eventoday.1.Thespiritofknights骑士精神2.“Excalibur”王者之剑