高中英语过去分词用法

TheVerb-ed动词的过去分词1.过去分词/-ed分词与过去分词短语/-ed分词短语的句法功能-ed分词与-ed分词短语在可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语，状语等句子成分。2.-ed分词（短语）作定语-ed分词常被用来做名词的前置定语。及物动词的-ed分词作前置定语通常带有被动含义，而相应的–ing分词作前置定语则有主动含义。Compare:eg.atalkamachinelanguageabirdrecordedrecordingspokenspeaking*不及物动词的-ed分词也可以作名词修饰语（定语），但这种-ed分词没有被动的含义，只有完成的意义；反之，-ing分词作名词修饰语/定语则表主动和正在进行的意义。eg.fallenleaves（完成；无被动）fallingleaves（主动；正在进行）thesun（完成；无被动）thesun（主动；正在进行）acountry（完成；无被动）acountry（主动；正在进行）risenrisingdevelopeddeveloping*-ed分词作定语通常带有其他成分，这种-ed分词结构/短语相当于一个定语从句，经常与定语从句相互替换着用。eg.Thegasessentintotheairbythechemicalworksarepoison.(thatare)eg.Thisisthemostinterestingstoryeverheardof.eg.Thefishcaughtyesterdaywasstillalive.eg.Thetreesoffriendshipplantedbytheforeignvisitorsaregrowingwell.(thatis)(whichwas)(whichwere)3.-ed分词作表语-ed分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态（心情或感觉），被动和完成的特点不是很明显。eg.Shelookedeg.Don’tgeteg.Sheseemedquiteattheidea.disappointed.excited.delighted能这样使用的-ed分词有：disappointeddiscouragedfrightenedastonishedinterestedamusedsatisfiedsurprisedcrowdedpleasedpuzzledworriedexcitedunexpecteddrunkdressed/undressed这类词实际上已经变成了形容词，用来表示“感觉…”有些-ed分词用作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。被动结构与-ed分词作表语的结构主要差别是：*被动结构表示一个被动的动作或行为.*带表语的结构表示主语的特点或当时所处的状态。带表语结构的句子：Thebookiswellwritten.带被动结构的句子：Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.Hewasinjuredintheleg.Hehadbeeninjuredtwicethatyear.4.-ed分词结构作宾语补语-ed分词通常表示被动和完成的意义。eg.Weshouldmakeourselves________whentalkingeg.Wefoundhimgone.understoodeg.Wefoundhergrearlychanged.eg.Pleasekeepusofthelastdevelopment.eg.Thelocalpeoplewishthesebuildings(tobe)informedaccomplished.要求用-ed分词结构作宾语补语的动词有三类：1.感官动词see/hear/watch/notice/observe/find/fee等。Whenhearrivedhome,Tomfoundhisdogkilled.•2.使役动词：have/get/leave等•Yourcarworksmuchbetternow.Haveyougot/haditrepaired?•3.表示“认为”“想要”“宣布”“命令”等：think/consider;want/like/wish;declare;order.•Doyouconsideredherexamined?5.-ed分词结构作状语-ed分词结构作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义，这种-ed的分词结构通常相当于一个状语从句,有时候也可以改成省略结构。如表示原因：Greatlysurprised,hecouldn’tsayaword.Scoldedbytheteacher,thegirlfeltunfair.1(Ashewas)2(Becauseshewas)表示时间：completed,thecanalwillconnecttheriverwiththelake.Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksmagnificent.1(Whenitis)2(Whenitis)表示条件：Coatedwithsugar,bananaswilltastebetter.Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavedonemuchbetter.(Iftheyare)(IfIhadbeen)表示让步：Evenifinvited,Iwouldn’tgo.Thoughdefeatedagainandagain,theywentonfighting.(Iwere)(theywere)表示伴随状况：Hestaredatme,astonished.Einsteinwalkedalongthestreet,lostinthought.(andhewas)(andhewas)