2014年中考英语形容词副词总复习

2014年中考英语形容词与副词I.形容词(adj.)的功能及位置•Suzhouisanattractivecity.Whengoingsightseeing,youcanalwaysfindsomethingbeautifulthere.•Thenewscarflooksbeautifulandfeelssoft.•Thereisasmallyellowwoodendeskintheroom.Summary:1.形容词用来修饰_____________,在句中常用作_________,_________和_________________.感官动词用作“系动词”时，其后用________做表语。2.形容词做定语修饰名词时，通常放在名词的_____________,修饰不定代词时则要放在不定代词的____________________.3.两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，其顺序规律为限(县)、官、形(行)、龄(令)、色（各）、国、材（采）、用。“限”为限定词(冠词，代词，数词等)“官”(感官形容词或一般描绘性形容词，如：beautiful、nice)“形”(形状，大小)，“龄”(新旧，年龄)，“色”(颜色)，“国”(国籍)，“材”(材料)。“用”用途asmallroundtableatallgraybuildingadirtyoldbrownshirtafamousGermanmedicalschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscarⅡ.副词(adv.)的功能及位置•Thisisaneasyquestion,soIthinkeverystudentcanworkitouteasily.•WhatIsaidmademyfatherreallyangry,andheletmeout!•Jackworksreallyhard.Healwayslistenstotheteachercarefullyinclass.Sometimeswhenhemeetsproblems,hegoestotheteacherforhelp.That’swhyhealwayscomestopintheexam!1.副词用来修饰_________,_________或整个句子。2.副词按其意思和作用不同可分为时间副词，地点副词，方式副词，程度副词，频度副词,连接副词，关系副词等，多在句中做______________。3.副词也可做表语和宾语补足语。4.副词在句中的位置比较灵活，特别注意以下几点：•副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，要放在被修饰词前面，但enough例外。Theboyisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.•频度副词通常放在be之后，do之前，两动词之间。Ihaveneverbeenavolunteerbefore.•地点状语通常放在时间状语之前。HetookpartinthecompetitioninPolandin2003.•疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词通常放在句子或从句的前面。CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestbank?形容词和副词的级别大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级比较级最高级请你观察：形容词和副词比较等级的变化规律longlongerlongestnicenicernicestbigbiggerbiggestearlyearlierearliestinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingcarefullymorecarefullymostcarefullyfriendlymorefriendlymostfriendlyfriendlierfriendliestgoodbetterbestmany/muchmoremost原级比较级最高级请你总结：形容词和副词比较等级构成的规律一.规则变化：1.单音节和部分双音节词,在词尾直接加-er,-est2.以字母e结尾的,加-r,-st3.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母,再加-er,est4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，把y变成i，再加-er,est5.多音节词和大部分双音节词,在词的前面加more或most6.有些双音节词既可用more,most形式，又可用-er,-est形式二.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolderoldesteldereldestfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest需特别注意的形容词或副词的比较级和最高级变化nearclearthinhotfunnyhappyhealthylivelyquietclevernearernearestthinnerthinnesthotterhottestfunnierfunniesthappierhappiestclearerclearesthealthierhealthiestlivelierliveliestcleverercleverestmoreclevermostcleverquieterquietest温馨提示：1.类似slowly,quickly这样的双音节词，虽然也是辅音字母加y结尾，但这里的-ly是表示副词的后缀，因此比较级和最高级的构成是在单词前加more和most。2.英语中有一类表语形容词，它指的是那些只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词主要有以下两类：•某些以a-开头的形容词afraid害怕的alive活着的alone单独的asleep睡着的awake醒着的alike相似的若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他形容词：误：anasleepchild，anashamedgirl，analivepoet正：asleepingchild，ashygirl，alivingpoet•某些表示健康的形容词fine健康的ill有病的well身体健康的形容词和副词原级的用法：2.…as+原级+as…“……和……一样”Youareastallasme.=YouareastallasI(am).HehasasmanybooksasI(have).Thiscomputerrunsasfastasthatone.3.…notas(so)+原级+as…“……不如/没有……”Thisjacketisnotas(so)cheapasthatone.Shehasnotas(so)manybooksasIhave.Henrydoesn’tstudyas(so)hardashiselderbrother.注：as在这里既可作介词又可作连词。作介词时，后接人称代词的宾格。作连词时，后接一个省略的比较状语从句。1.用来直接描述人物或动作。Johnisatallboy.Rabbitsrunfast.Ourcountryisbeautifulandstrong.形容词和副词比较级的用法：1.…比较级+than…“……比……更……”Youaretallerthanme.=YouaretallerthanI(am).Idon’tthinkhiswritingismorebeautifulthanyours.3.比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Ourschoolisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.4.the+比较级…,the+比较级…“越……,越……”Themoreexerciseyoudo,thehealthieryouwillbecome.2.比较级(特殊疑问句)，…or…?“哪个更……?”Whichislonger,thisoneorthatone?5.可修饰比较级的副词有：much,alot,far,alittle,abit,even,still,any等6.the+比较级可表达一个名词的概念：两者中较…的一个形容词和副词最高级的用法：1.…the+最高级+(名词)+表示范围的短语或从句“……是最……”Bobisthetallestboyinourschool.HeisthekindestmanthatIhaveevermet.LiTaojumps(the)farthestofall.Sheisthemostcarefulstudentofusthree.4.…oneofthe+最高级(形)+名词(复)+表示范围的短语“……是……当中最……之一”ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.注:形容词最高级前一般要加the,副词最高级前可加可不加3.最高级(特殊疑问句)，…，…or…?“哪个更……?”Whoistheyoungest,Jim,TomorJenny?2.…thesecond(third…)+最高级+(名词)+表示范围的短语“……是第二(三……)……”TheChongmingIslandisthethirdbiggestislandinChina.原级、比较级、最高级之间可以相互转换：他是班里最高的。Correctthemistakes:1.Mary’shairislongerthanmysister.2.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninShanghai.3.Theapplesinthisbasketarebetterthantheminthatbasket.4.TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyriverinChina.5.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinEurope.6.HisolderbrotheriselderthanI.7.Ourcountryisgettingmorebeautifulandmorebeautiful.8.Thisclassroomisthreetimesasbiggerasthatone.9.Whoistalleststudentinourschool?10.Whichdoyoulikebetter,apples,bananasorpears?_______mysister’s__________that…____those___anyother________any____elder____older_____________________moreandmore_____big_____thetallest_____(the)bestCorrectthemistakes:11.Thisboxismoreheavierthanthatone.12.Tomistheyoungestinthethree.13.Heistallerofthetwo.14.Todayisourthebusiestday.15.IthinkmathisverymoredifficultthanChinese.16.Therearemuchmorepeopleinthestreetthanusual.17.MikeissotallasJack.18.LiYingjumpedfartherthanJimjumped.19.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongerriverinChina.20.Wemustgetfartherinformation.___________heavier__of____thetaller______our____much_____many__as______(did)_____longest______further用括号内形容词或副词的适当形式填空:1.Thishorseisvery________(strong),butthathorseismuch_________(strong)thanthi