GRE阅读讲义

满分网——GRE资料更多资料：，每个section填空7道类比9道阅读1篇长文章7道题1篇短文章4道题，反义11道长文章400-450字读2.5-3min,题7min=1min*7题短文章200-220字读1.5min,题4min=1min*4题GRE文章的来源：学术期刊、著作GRE文章的类型：physicalsciences,biologicalsciences,socialsciences,humanities无须背景、头脑空白、定位解题GRE文章结构的三个层次：文章、段落、句子GRE文章的三种模式（文章展开的方式=KW之间的关系;PASSAGE）开篇套路词发展/KW态度/AWTS&CS现象解释(多个解释)问题解决(多个解决)phenomenon,fact,behavior;problem,difficultypuzzle,questionPhen.1stexplanation=kw1aw:--2ndinterpretation=kw2Prob.Solution1=kw1Butaw-Otherway/solution=kw2前负后正(80%情况)前负后正TS:explain+现象;way+问题→首段首(末)句CS:少见满分网——GRE资料更多资料：=Phen./Prob.Author’sexpl.唯一解释+新老对比hasbeen,traditionally,untilrecently,long,once;[however,recently]frequently,widely,many,most,usually,dominant,common[however,now]kw老however+反驳=aw--kw新(评价)老：否定或次要新：正评价TS:反驳或新观点→however/recent句→二段段首或一段后半部分CS:少见论点说明ThesisDevelop-Ment评述Reviewis,remain,prove+adj.can,may,should,mustattitudewords:+,--;recentstudy(人名+书名/人物+研究/学派+运动)Thesis(TW)subthesis1=kw1subthesis2=kw2(Conclusion)论点说明态度不定评述文章多混合评价TS=Thesis→首段某句，多为首末句CS:较短末段(=TS)无TSCS:综合各段主题→各段首句现象解释phen/probkwabaw-xykw+αβγ例：Philopatry,thebehaviorreturningtoanindividual'sbirthplace,hasseveraladvantages.Oneproposedmechanismbywhichanimalscanrecognizeunfamiliarrelativesisphenotypematching,whichinvolveslearningthephenotypeoffamiliarrelatives,orofoneself,therebyformingaphenotypictemplateagainstwhichthephenotypesofunfamiliarindividualscanbecompared.Aproblemininvestigatingthebehaviorofsettlingclosetokinistoexcludethepossibilitythattheyarephilopatricbecause满分网——GRE资料更多资料：新老观点kw老abaw-xykw新αβγuvwaw+(-)例：Earlyfeministliterarycriticsbelievedthatthetraditionalconceptofdomesticityasmanifestedinthedistinctionbetweenamasculinizedpublicsphereandaprivatizedfeminineonehasbecome‘misleading’andoversimplifiedasaframeworkforunderstandingtheconstructionofsocialspaceforwomeneveninthenineteenthcentury.Incontrast,asecondwaveoffeministworkondomesticityenvisionstheideaof‘home’asaspecificracialandclasspositionforwhite,middle-classwomen,andthereforeasanextensionorevenasupplementtothecapitalistmarketplace,notanalternativetoit.However,thesesecond-wavecritiquesofdomesticityalsodependuponspatialmetaphors,totheextentthattheypresentdomesticityasaboundedpositionoccupiedbyaspecificraceandclassofwomen.Suchcontradictionsintherepresentationsofdomesticity,Iargue,onlystartedtobecomeobviousinthemodernistperiod.此文结构：kw老Ækw新1Æhoweveraw-Ækw新2论点说明TS(TW)kw1+/-abckw2-/+xyzkw3-/+αβγ(CS)例：Therearethreeapproachestoculture:socialanthropology,ethology,andpsychology.(…Traditionally,socialanthropologistshaveunderstood‘culture’as…)满分网——GRE资料更多资料：–thebehavioritself.(…Psychologists,incontrast,haveconcentratedonthemechanismsbywhichcultureislearned….)例（评述）InhisnewbookDoctorDolittle'sDelusion,StephenAndersonpourscoldwateronthewidespreadbeliefthatthecommunicationsystemsofanimals,frombeestobonobos,areessentiallysimilartohumanlanguage,arguingconvincinglycommunicativeabilitiesofawiderangeofcreatures:thedanceofhoneybees,thewarningcriesofmonkeys,andtheremarkablecognitiveabilitiesofchimpanzees.Beesfamouslyindicatethedirection,distanceandqualityofsourcesofpollentotheirfellowworkersbymeansofa'waggledance',whichisoftentakentoshowthattheyhavea'cognitivemap'ofthelocalterrain.Weareevolutionarilyclosertootherprimatesthantobees.Tocomplementhiscritiqueof'animallanguage',Andersonalsooutlineswhatisspecialabouthumanlanguage:inaword,syntax.主题结构态度必考内容TW,TS,CS:文章较短首末段KW,AW:段落/意群的首末句昀重要是KWAW→各段首句+however/but/yet句结构性句子：首末句转折句态度句段落结构特指234段的主体论证内容，mainbodyofthepassage.一般模式：总分段落的结构与位置Mainidea,supportingdetails(contrastandcomparison)[concession](Conclusion)→KW(ts)abc(cs)段落模式（KW展开的方式=abc句子之间的关系;PARAGRAPH）首句线索词与句间关联词把握重点(100-120字Æ2-3字)考题满分网——GRE资料更多资料：首句名词复数=NPs/首句论点=A(hasproperties,causes)中间forexample,forinstance;或者Inaddition,Moreover,alsoanother,furthermore并列所属的大主题并列找并列(2-3个并列,找并列词；4-5个并列,位置内容)*时间并列：时间*负评价并列：否定词1.inorderto→首句2.列举→并列内容之一因果Causation机制Mechanism首句Aeffects/causesB.中间并列因果parallelcausation(A1ÆB1;A2ÆB2)首句或有process中间连续动词serialcausationAÆB(AÆxÆyÆzÆB)首句：因果找双方首末句：机制找末句1.因果双方；尤其数量因果（正相关或负相关:AincreasesasBincreases/declines）2.细节→结果→末句对比Contrast&Comparison对象对比时间对比*让步[转折]Concession[Refutation]首句differ,morethan(Avs.B:a1a2vs.b1b2)Onthecontrary,however,ontheotherhand,different,Incontrast,alternative,other.首句change,contributeearlyvs.recently/new/nowmost,typicalvs.recent/newGranted,…[However,….]onemayarguethat….[But…]有无对比或程度对比对比找反义同上转折或一对反义词(anticipateobjections)1.细节取非→对比内容（谁和谁比,比的什么）→Avs.B→相互取非,反义词同上1.细节取非→标记→答案出现对比词(while,th