32状语从句

状语从句2011年名师课堂辅导讲座—高中部分1、本讲内容：学习状语从句。2、学习要求：（1）掌握状语从句的种类。（2）学会引导状语从句的从属连词。3、学习指导：（1）本讲重点：状语从句的种类。（2）本讲难点：从属连词之间的区别。4、典型例题解析：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。1、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,once…等引导。如：Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.Ithasbeen15yearssinceheleft.I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.Onceyouhavegotusedtoit,youwilllikeit.Iwaitedtillhehadfinishedhiswork.注意：（1）when,as,whilewhen即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同时）Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（从句动作在前）as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如：WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.当when,as,while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当…时候”和“在…之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthemansawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim.(3)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.(4)till和until①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…为止”。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.③放在句首表示强调时一般用until。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.（5）时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。2、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.3、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,since,nowthat引导。区别是:because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子，一般都用because回答。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。Sinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。Youneedn’tgowithme,asyouarebusy.AsIwasafraid,Ihidmyself.nowthat意思与since相似，表示“既然”。NowthatyouareinHighSchool,youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading.Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived,let’shaveourdinner.注意：①在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.②because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时状语一般都是it,this,thatIt’sbecauseheistoolazy.③for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.4、目的状语从句：通常由that,sothat,inorderthat,so…that,lest,incase（以防、免得）等引导：Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.lest(以免，免得),forfearthatIhidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.※目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may(might),can(could)should,will等情态动词。5、结果状语从句：由that,sothat,so…that,such…that引导：Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.6、条件状语从句:由if,unless,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，万一)等引导：Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail,Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。7、方式状语从句：由连词：as,asif,asthough引导：Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.8、比较状语从句：由连词as…as,notso(as)…as,than等引导：Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.Hecan’trunsofastasshe.注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.9、让步状语从句：由though,although,as(虽然尽管),evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatter-wh,whether引导.whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-evernomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhownomatterwh-Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.Whenever(=nomatterwhen)youcallonme,youarealwayswelcome.Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis.NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，