微藻固定CO_2研究进展

21220053ChineseJournalofBiotechnologyVol.21No.2March2005Received:October8,2004;Accepted:December15,2004.3Correspondingauthor.Tel:[phone];E2mail:[e-mail]2AdvancesonCO2FixationbyMicroalgae,,3,CHENGLi2Hua,ZHANGLin,CHENHuan2Lin3andGAOCong2Jie,310027DepartmentofChemicalandBiochemicalEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,ChinaCO2,CO2,CO2,,()2CO2,CO2,CO2,,,(CA)R392111A100023061(2005)0220177205AbstractThegreenhouseeffect,whichisbelievedtooccurprimarilyasaresultoftheaccumulationofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,hasbecomeoneofthemajorenvironmentalconcernsandreceivedworldwideattention.Inthispaper,algaespeciesscreeningandcultivationforefficientCO2fixationarereviewed.Therelateddissolvedinorganiccarbon(DIC)utilizationformandCO2concentrationmechanism(CCM)intheprocessofCO2fixationbymicroalgaeareanalyzed.Fourobjectivesofthehighlyeffectivephotobioreactordesignandoperationarediscussed,andtheadvancesonCO2mitigationtechnologywithintegrationofmicroalgae(enzyme)andmembranebioreactorarealsobrieflyintroduced.InresponsetoelevatedCO2concentration,muchat2tentionneedstobepaidtotheconstructionoftransgenicmicroalgaewithhigherperformanceinCO2fixationbasedonthefurtherascertainmentoftherelatedmechanism,andthedevelopmentofeffectiveCO2biofixationsystemintegratedwithotherkindsofadvancedtechnology,suchasmembraneimmobilizationandseparation.KeywordsCO2fixation,microalgae,photobioreactor,carbonicanhydrase(CA)CO2015%,37210-6,CO2,100,1153,60cm[1],CO2,20,CO2,()3CO2,CO2[2-5]CO2,CO2,90CO2O2[6-8]CO2:CO2,,CO2;CO2,CO2(CCM),CO2;,,CO2()2CO2,1111CO2(011%)CO2pH;CO2(10%20%),,CO2,NOxSOx10,CO2CO2,,Chlorellaellipsoidea[6,7]Chlorellasoro2kinianaATCC22521[8]Chlorellasp.UK001[9]Chlorococumli2ttorale[9];(Chlorellavulgaris)[10];200CO2Chlorellasp.NTU2H15[11];CO2CO2ZY21[12]112,,(),CO2,pH[13,14],:[8];[15],;,Mandalam,[16],4109PmL,()3040gP(m2d)[17]113CO2CO2CO22080,,90,,[18]90,,CCM[19],1,52P(Rubisco),CO2,CO2WakasugiChlorellavulgarisC227,,C.vulgaris[20]BeufCO260%ChlorococcumlittoralecDNA,Rubisco(rca)DNA,CO2,rca[21]SasakiChlorococcumlittoraleCO2(20%)cDNAHCR1HCR2(High2CO2response),HCRmRNAsCO2,[22]2CO2,,CO2211:HCO-3CO2,(CA),Chlamydo2monasreinhardtiiScenedesmusobliquusDunaliellaterteolectaChlorellasaccharophilaChlorellavulgarisC23ChlorellaspirulinaChlorellapyrenoidosaChlorococcumlittorale;HCO-3CO2,CA,ChlorellaellipsoideaChlor2ellakesslerii;,Chlorellamini2ataChlorellavulgaris11hCO2[9,23,24]CO2,CA;HCO-3,CA[23]CACA,CA(Chlamydomonasraihardtri)3:CACA[9]CACAHCO-3212(CCM),871ChineseJournalofBiotechnology2005,Vol121,No12CO2(CCM),,RubiscoCO2,Rubisco,,CO21Fig.1Modelsforinorganiccarbontransportinunicellulargreenalgae,CO2,HCO-3,1,CO2,HCO-3,CO2[19]pH,CO2,HCO-3CACO2,HCO-3,CAHCO-3CO2,pH,ThomsCCM,CCM[25]213CO2CO2(1%,10%20%)CACCMCO2,CCM,CO2,CA,CACACO2HCO-3,CO2,CA,CO2HCO-3H+,CO2,pH,CO2,,,pH,8151015,CO2;CO21%,pH715,CO2;CO2310%,pH710,HCO-3,CO2[26]CO2PSI[27],CO2PSIPSI,PSII,PSI,H+ATP,pH,CO2CO2CO2,ATPCO2[19],CO220%CO2PSII[27]3CO2311,CO2:,,(),,[28],,2s20s,CO25[29]CO2O2,,,,[28][30][31],,,,,,[32]O2Chlorellakessleri,,5108cellsPmL,O210mmolP(Lh),(OPR),,O25[33]:,,;,,,,[34][35][36],,971:CO2,,,;,,312()2CO2,CO2[37],CO2,CO2,[38],[39],[40][29]10,()2CO2Miyatake,,CO2O2CO20104%,:PCO2,P,CO2,O2CO2[41]Trachten2bergCO2,CO2CA2[42]ChakrabartiRubiscoCO2,(dimethylpimelimidate)A1,32(DCC),pH,,[43]()2CO2,,CO2CO2,4CO2,CO2,CO2,CO2,,[44],,,,,,CO2,,CO2,,CO2:CO2,CO2;CO2;,,CO2REFERENCES()[1]EhlersE,KrafftT.UnderstandingtheEarthSystem,Berlin:Spri2nger2Verlag,2001[2]KuranoN,IkemotoH,MiyashitaHHetal.Fixationandutilizationofcarbondioxidebymicroalgalphotosynthesis.EnergyConversMg2mt,1995,36(6-9):689-692[3]ZeilerKG,HeacoxDA,ToonSetal.Theuseofmicroalgaeforas2similationandutilizationofcarbondioxidefromfossilfuel2firedpow2erplantfluegas.EnergyConversMgmt,1995,36(69):707-712[4]BrownLM.Uptakeofcarbondioxidefromfluegasbymicroalgae.EnergyConversMgmt,1996,37(68):1363-1367[5]KefferJE,KleinheinzGT.UseofChlorellavulgarisforCO2mitiga2tioninaphotobioreactor.JournalofIndustrialMicrobiology&Bio2technology,2002,29:275-280[6]MiyaA,AdachiT,UmedaI.Preliminarystudyonmicroalgaecul2turingreactorforcarbondioxideeliminationandoxygenrecoverysystem.SAETransaction,932127[7]AdachiT,MiyaA.MicroalgaeculturingreactorforcarbondioxideeliminationandoxygenrecoveryCO2fixationactivityundervariousirradiationcycle.SAETransaction,941412[8]BolsunoverA,ZhavoronksV.Prospectsforusingmicroalgaeinlife2supportsystem.SAETransaction,951496[9]SatohA,KuranoN,MiyachiS.Inhibitionofphotosynthesisbyin2tracellularcarbonicanhydraseinmicroalgaeunderexcessconcentra2tionsofCO2.PhotosynthRes,2001,68:215-224[10]MandalmRK,PalssonBO.Elementalbalancingofbiomassandme2diumcompositionenhancesgrowthcapacityinhigh2densityChlorellavulgarisCultures.BiotechBioeng,1998,59(5):605-611[11]ChangEH,YangSS.SomecharacteristicsofmicroalgaeisolatedinTaiwanforbiofixationofcarbondioxide.BotBullAcadSin,2003,44:43-52[12]YueLH(),ChenBZ(),WangL()etal.AnexperimentalstudyforfixationofCO2instackgasesusingmicroal2gaecultivation.ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology(),2002,13(2):156-158081ChineseJournalofBiot