非谓语动词v-ing_form

Grammar非谓语动词：1.动词不定式(infinitive)todo2.v-ing形式doing3.v-ed形式,即过去分词done—usedasAttributeandObjectComplement定语宾语补足语及物动词不及物动词主动被动主动一般式完成式时态和语态doingbeingdonedoinghavingdonehavingbeendonehavingdonesleepingstudents一、The-ingForm—usedasAttribute（-ing形式作定语）boilingwaterflyingkitesadancinggirltherisingsun(2)awalkingstick(1)awalkingman=amanwhoiswalking=astickforwalkingWhat’sthedifferencebetween(1)and(2)?小结1-ing形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行且与逻辑主语之间是主动关系（如例（1）），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例（2））。(1)aswimmingman(2)aswimmingpoolarunningmanThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.attributeThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.相当于：1.TheteacherteachingusEnglishisMsZhou.Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclauses.=TheteacherwhoisteachingusEnglishisMsZhou.2.Thepeoplesittingbehindusareallteachers.3.TheexpertcomingfromAmericaisaladycalledMsCai.=Thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareallteachers.=TheexpertwhocomesfromAmericaisaladycalledMsCai.单个的-ing形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；-ing短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。小结2Translatethefollowingphrases.areadingroomawashingmachineanexcitingeveninganinterestingcrosstalk阅览室洗衣机激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声asleepingcarasmokingroomlisteningpracticeanopeningspeechabookingofficerunningwater卧铺车吸烟室听力练习开幕词售票处自来水3.注意v-ing形式与其他非谓语动词作定语时区别：（优化方案P135）（1）doing作定语------主动，动作正在进行（3）done作定语------被动，动作已完成（2）beingdone作定语------被动，动作正在进行（4）todo作定语------将来要发生的动作（5）havingdone---不能作定语，用定语从句代替Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.二、The-ingForm—usedasObjectComplement（-ing形式作宾语补足语）Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.Wehavethefireburningallday.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。小结1能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些：“五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。简单又好记！make,let,have,keep,leave,lookat,see,watch,hear,listento,notice,find,feel等。怎么记？2.注意v-ing形式与其他非谓语动词作宾语补足语时的区别：(优化方案P136)（1）doing作宾补------主动，动作正在进行（3）done作宾补------被动（2）todo作宾补------主动，动作的全过程1.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.A.havingbeatB.beatingC.beatenD.tobeatExercise2.Thesun____inthewestlooksevenmorebeautiful.A.settingB.beingsetC.thatsettingD.tobeset3.Thehouse____nowisourlibrary.A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.toberepairedD.whichisrepaired4.—Whoisthemantalkingtoourheadmaster?—Aprofessor___avisittoourschool.A.paysB.ispayingC.paidD.paying5.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed、6.The___boyswerelastseen____neartheriver.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay7.Mr.Smith,___ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.(NMET2003)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring、8.Thepicture___onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung-ing形式具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。如：三、SubjectInmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”andnoddingmeans“yes”.Itisnousetryingtopersuadehim.1.v-ing形式与不定式作主语的区别todo作主语表示：v-ing作主语表示：Itisbadmanners_______(stare)ataforeignguest._________(learn)aforeignlanguageisveryusefultome.应该注意的问题：某个特定的、具体的,将来的动作抽象的、习惯性，经常性的动作tostareLearning2.注意用it作形式主语的情况：句型：_____________________________Itis/wasnogood/usedoingsth.3.注意主谓一致：(1)v-ing形式作主语，谓语v.一般用_______.(2)由and连接的多个v-ing形式作主语，谓v.用______.(3)如果并列的v-ing形式前后语义一致，即说的是一个概念时，谓v.用______.单数单数复数4.v-ing形式的逻辑主语可用名词或代词的所有格来表示。如：eg:Mary’sbecomingacollegestudentgreatlyencouragedme.eg:Doesoursayingthatmeananythingtohim?四、Objecteg:Haveyoufinishedusingthetelephone?eg:Hetriedtoavoidedbeingpunished.应该注意的问题：1.allow,advise,forbid,permit+｛doingsb./sth.todo被动：sb./sth.+be+allowed/advised/forbidden/permitted+______todo2.need,require,want“需要被”+｛doing=tobedoneeg:TheTVsetneedstobemended.=TheTVsetneedsmending.3.begin,continue,hate,like,love+wouldlike/love+_____｛doing=todotodo4.加todo和doing意义不同的词：(1)forget/regret/remember+｛doingtodo(2)goontodo/doing(3)meantodo/doing(4)stoptodo/doing(5)trytodo/doing(6)beusedtodo/doingusedtodo(7)can’thelptodo/doing五、Predicativeeg:Hisdutyiscleaningtheplayground.表语和主语常常可以互换位置1.v-ing形式与不定式作表语的区别：(1)一般情况下区别不大，常可互换，但要注意前后一致性。应该注意的问题：eg:Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。eg：节约即是收入。Savingishaving.=___________________Tosaveistohave.(2)v-ing形式接近n.作表语时表示_______________________;todo接近v.作表语时表示__________________________.习惯性的抽象的动作某个具体的，将来的动作2.Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate____fromyousometime.A.tohaveheardB.tohearC.forhearingD.hearingExercises1.Markoftenattemptstoescape____wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A.havingbeenfinedB.tohavebeenfinedC.tobefinedD.beingfined3.Thethieftookawaythewoman’swalletwithout____A.beingseenB.seeingC.himseeingD.seeinghim5.Noonecanavoid____byadvertisements.A.tobeinfluencedB.beinginfluencedC.influencingD.havinginfluence4.I’veenjoyed____totalkwithyou.A.tobeableB.beingableC.tobeenableD.ofbeingable7.Youcan’thelp____commercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother.A.tohearB.tobeheardC.hearingD.withhearing6.Yourshirtneeds____.You'dbetterhaveitdonetoday.A.ironB.toironC.ironingD.beingironed8.Heisverybusy____hispapers.Heisfartoobusy____callers.A.towrite;toreceiveB.writing;toreceiveC.writing;receivingD.towrite;forreceiving9.Pleasestop____,boys,Ihavesometh