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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 【全程复习】2014高考英语(语法专题)复习课件:介词
介词介词的分类介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一定成分。一、介词的分类(1)从用法分类介词类型例词例句表示方位at,before,behind,below,etc.Theremustbesomethingbehindit.表示时间about,after,at,before,by,etc.Hecamehomeafter3days.表示原因、目的for,with,from,etc.Hediedfromcancer.表示对于to,for,over,at,with,etc.Thebookisreallydifficultforme.表示手段、方式by,in,with,etc.Iwilldefendthemotherlandwithmylife.表示除去but,besides,except,etc.WeallwenttothesupermarketexceptTom.表示比较as,like,above,over,than,etc.Theyunitedasoneman.表示结果to,with,without,etc.Mancan’tlivewithoutwater.(2)从结构分类介词分类构成例词简单介词只有单独一个词的介词after,at,on,in,during,since,till,across,over,through,past,near,to,above,by,for,down,from,of,off,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,up,with,about,against,along,among,around,etc.复合介词由两个单词合成的介词into,inside,onto,outside,throughout,towards,upon,within,without,etc.短语介词形容词,分词或副词+介词accordingto,awayfrom,downto,insideof,nearto,oppositeto,owingto,etc.连词+介词asfor,asto,becauseof,etc.介词+介词(又称双重介词)fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween,etc.介词+名词+介词bymeansof,infrontof,inspiteof,onaccountof,withregardto,etc.其他thanksto,etc.由其他词类转用分词concerning,considering,including,regarding,etc.形容词或副词like,near,opposite,round,next,etc.连词than,but(除……之外),etc.名词despite(不顾;不管),etc.介词一、方位介词1.above,over,on;below,under,beneath(1)above侧重于相对水平高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。(2)over侧重于垂直高度,即位于正上方,其反义词是under。(3)on侧重于与物体表面接触,其反义词是beneath。Becareful;thereisaheavyboxoveryourhead.Thepositionhepointedtowasbelowthesealevel.2.across,over,through,pastacross意为“横穿,穿越”,表示运动发生在物体的表面。over意为“跨过,越过”,表示运动发生在物体的上方。through意为“穿过,通过”,表示运动发生在某物的空间内。past意为“从……旁经过”,表示运动发生在某物的旁边。TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossdesert,overmountains,throughvalleystillatlastitreachesthesea.3.in,on,to在方位名词前的区别in表示在范围之内;to表示在某范围之外的地方;on表示“毗邻”“接壤”。ShandongProvinceis/liesintheeastofChina.Japanis/liestotheeastofChina.二、时间介词1.at,in,on,by,after2.for,from,sincefor后接时段的名词词组,表示行为状态持续了多久。from接时间点的名词词组,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短。since接时间点的名词词组,不仅表示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻,因而与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。Mr.Brownenjoyedthecountrylifeandlivedthereforalmostfifteenyearsafterhisretirement.Myyoungersisterbegantolearndancingfromtheageoffive.HehasbeenworkinginTibetsincehegraduatedfromcollege.三、工具、手段、方式介词1.by,in,on三词都表示旅行的方式。名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等时用on/in。traveltoNewYorkinthisplane;gotoschoolonmybike【说明】步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。onfoot,onhorseback,onahorse,onthecamel2.with,by,in三词均译为“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。Theyarediggingwithapick/spade.byhand;ininkinEnglish/Japanese四、原因介词Sheoftenhangsherheadforshame.Hewentredwithanger.ThesportsmeetwillbeputofftillnextSaturdaybecauseoftheheavyrain.Hisillnesswasduetosmokinganddrinking.ThankstotheParty’sgoodpolicy,thefarmersarenowlivingahappyandrichlife.介词与某些词类的搭配1.名词与介词的固定搭配(1)常与to搭配的名词:key,answer,visit,apology,introduction(2)常与in搭配的名词:interest,satisfaction,expert(3)常与on搭配的名词:mercy,congratulation(4)常与其他介词搭配的名词:prizefor,respectfor,victoryover,strugglewith名词与介词搭配的常见短语有:attentionto对……的注意;devotionto对……的奉献;avisitto对……的访问;interestin对……的兴趣;commentson对……的评论;applicationfor对……的申请;aninfluenceon对……的影响;confidencein对……的信心;contactwith与……取得联系Heshouldbeadmiredforhisdevotiontoimprovingeducation.他对改善教育作出的贡献应该得到赞扬。2.形容词与介词的固定搭配(1)与at搭配的形容词:afraid,angry,good,bad,clever,surprised,excited,puzzled,frightened等;(2)与of搭配的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy等;(3)与with搭配的形容词:angry,strict,careful,busy,popular等;(4)与in搭配的形容词:weak,strict,rich,interested,successful等;(5)与to搭配的形容词:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,known,married,close,similar,due等;(6)与for搭配的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry等;(7)与from搭配的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent,tired等;(8)与about搭配的形容词:sorry,worried,anxious,careful,sure,certain等;②of+抽象名词=形容词ofgreatvalue=veryvaluableofnouse=uselessamanofwealth=awealthyman【注】①同一形容词与不同的介词搭配其含义会不同。③to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”:Muchtomyjoy,hewasquitefromdanger.④at与某些名词搭配表示“一……就……”atthesightofatthethoughtof形容词与介词搭配的常见短语有:nervousabout因……不安;successfulin在……方面很成功;dependenton依赖于……;responsiblefor对……负责;absentfrom缺席……;proudof因……自豪;famousfor因……闻名;ashamedof对……感到愧疚;loyalto忠诚于……;harmfulto对……有害;popularwith受……欢迎3.动词与介词的固定搭配1)robherofherwallet/cleartheroadofsnow(“夺去,除去”意义的动词与of连用)2)supplyuswithfood/filltheglasswithwine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用)3)makeadeskofwood/makebreadfromflour/makethematerialintoacoat(“制作,制造”意义与of,from,into连用)4)介词+the+部位与动词的关系(=动词+sb.’s+部位)strikehimonthehead(“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与on连用)catchhimbythearm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用)hittheboyintheface(“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与in连用)动词与介词搭配的短语比较多,需要在平时的学习中逐一记忆。如:dreamof梦想;insiston坚持;dependon依靠;belongto属于;leadto导致;dealwith处理;argueabout争论;callon拜访;referto提到ThemaninsistedonfindingataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.即使我告诉他我住在附近,那个人坚持要给我找一辆出租车。核心介词用法归纳与辨析1.表示时间的at,in,onat表示片刻的时间,常用词组有:atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYear等。in表示一段时间,如:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inOctober,in1998,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture等。on总是跟日子有关,如:onMonday,onChristmasmorning,onthefollowingday,onMayDay,onawarmmorning等。2.表示时间的since和from:since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系,一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用
本文标题:【全程复习】2014高考英语(语法专题)复习课件:介词
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