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2016年高考一轮复习使用动词不定式应注意的问题主讲人:程中一(北京市特级教师)引言非谓语动词是中学英语教学的重点、难点,高考的热点,每年毕业会考和高考都要考,要想在会考和高考获得成功,就非要学好非谓语动词的用法不可。为了帮助广大高三教师指导考生复习应试,笔者根据《英语课程新课标》的要求,结合多种现行中学教材,参考多种学术专著,通过“巧记妙语”和“高考链接”,对非谓语动词的用法进行整理归纳做出以下讲解,本次主要讲解使用动词不定式应注意的问题,以期对你们大有裨益。一、动词不定式的否定形式:not+to+动词原形•Theteachertoldusnottoswiminthatriver.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。•It'sunfairnottotellus.没告诉我们真是不公平。二、不定式的主动形式表示被动含义•Englishisdifficulttolearn.英语很难学。•Theproblemisnoteasytodealwith.这问题不容易处理。三、带疑问词的不定式:疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。这种结构一般在句中作主语、表语和宾语。•Howtosolvetheproblemhasnotbeendecided.•Idon’tknowwhattodonext.【2012陕西】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet【2012山东】26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told【2012山东】35.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope_______.A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide【2012湖南】21.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds______toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo【高考连接】什么在这儿呆那么久?误:Whytostayheresolong?正:Whystayheresolong?【简析】Why+不带to的动词不定式构成的问句表示“责备”或“不同意”,说明做某事是愚蠢的或没有意义的。Whynotdosth?表示“提出建议”。试比较:•Whystayheresolong?为什么在这里呆那么久?•Whynotjoinus?为何不加入我们的队伍呢?疑问词+to:正误例析①Wheretogoisunknownyet.去什么地方还不知道。②Idon'tknowwhentobegin.我不知道什么时间开始。③Canyoutellmewheretogetthebattery?你能告诉我哪儿能买电池吗?④Doyouknowhowtogettothestation?你知道怎样去车站吗?⑤—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynot_______byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing(选D)疑问词+to:典题例证四、动词不定式的被动形式:表示不定式动词和其逻辑主语是被动关系。①他是受检查的人。Heisthemantobeexamined.②有好多工作要做。Thereismuchworktobedone.③我不愿被当成小孩那样对待我。Idon’twanttobetreatedasachild.④这条路需要拓宽。Thispathneedstobebroadened.⑤那个懒孩子应该受到惩罚。Thatlazyboydeservestobepunished.⑥据说这部小说已经出版了。Thenovelissaidtohavebeenpublished.动词不定式的被动形式:典题例证五、作独立成分:Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikethewayhetalked.Tobehonest,Ididn’twanttospendmoneyonstampsthen.1._________,thepayisn’tattractiveenough,thoughthejobitselfisquiteinteresting.(2009浙江高考)A.GenerallyspeakingB.OnthecontraryC.InparticularD.Tobehonest2.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit__________.(2009湖南高考)A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused动词不定式:高考链接3.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood__________.(2008全国I高考)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed4.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew________withallbyourselveseveryday.(2009重庆高考)A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing一、不定式的省略:1、保留to,省略动词。①Ifyoudon’twanttodoit,youdon’tneedto.②---Whowouldliketohelphimwiththework?---I’dliketo.2、不定式并列,第二个不定式可省略to。•Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.动词不定式:重难点突破3、在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语、补语的动词不定式再次出现时,to后面的内容常常承前省略(to留下),但如果有助动词have或be的任何形式,应该保留原形be或have。①—Who’dliketogowithme?—谁想跟我一起去?—I’dliketo—我。②Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中国已经不是过去的中国了。③—Youarelate.Yououghttohavecomefiveminutesago.你迟到了。你应该五分钟以前到。—IknowIoughttohave.我知道我应该。典题例证4、在can’thelpbut,can’tchoosebut,can’tbut,hadbetter,wouldrather,ratherthan和do……but/except/besides结构中,后面的动词不定式符号“to”常常省略。①Mr.Chengcouldn’thelpbutleave.程老师只好离开。②Icoulddootherthingsbesidesplayfootballafterschool.放学后,我除了踢足球还可以做其它事情。③Theboycandoeverythingbutspeak.那男孩什么都能做,除了说话。④Youhadbetterleavehereforthemoment.你最好暂时离开这儿。⑤IwouldratherstayathomeonSunday星期天我宁愿呆在家里。典题例证二、动词不定式完成时表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。1、shouldlike/wouldlike/wouldlovetohavedone例如:•Iwouldliketohavestayedathomeyesterday,butheaskedmetohaveameeting.昨天我本来想呆在家里,但他要我开会。2、was/weretohavedone表示应该做某事但没有实现。例如:•WeweretohaverestedlastSunday,butwehadtocollectmaterialsforthemeeting.上个星期天我们该休息,但我们得为会议收集材料。3、hope/expect/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+tohavedone表示过去未实现的愿望。例如:Wehopedtohavecaughttheearlybus,butitleft.(=Wehadhopedtocatchtheearlybus,butitleft.)我本来希望赶上早班车,但车走了。三、动词词组中的to不是不定式符号•HedevotedhimselftoteachingChinesechildrenEnglish.•I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.下列动词词组中的to都是介词,不接动词原形。be/getusedto习惯于lookforwardto盼望devoteoneselfto专心于referto参照,提及attendto注意,专心于belongto属于faceto面对reduceto减少到listento听……reportto向……报告易错提醒你们要注意学习英语。误:YoumustpayattentiontostudyEnglish.正:YoumustpayattentiontostudyingEnglish.【简析】payattentionto中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,应接名词或动词-ing形式。正误例析1.Iambusynow,soIcan’thelp______themachine.A.repairB.tohaverepairedC.repairingD.fixing2.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,themanagerfeltworriedallthetime.A.tosettleB.settlingC.settledD.beingsettled3.We'relookingforward_______thephotoexhibition.A.tovisitingB.tovisitC.tohavingvisitedD.visiting典题例证1、WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.(2010全国卷1)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought【解析】B。考查非谓语。里面含有了词组takemoneytodosth。2、Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.(2010重庆高考)A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired【解析】D。考查非谓语动词。theone指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系,由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后,所以用toberepaired.高考链接:解析3、Hisfirstbook________nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(2010陕西卷高考)A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished【解析】B。考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做后置定语,由时间状语nextmonth可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作,用动词不定式,其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关
本文标题:2016年高考一轮复习使用动词不定式应该注意的问题
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