Unit15 虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。语气分三种：1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。Heislateforclass.Whatfun!Heisnotinterestedinclassicalmusic.2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）Don’tbelate！3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。一、虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中虚拟条件从句(If)主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设主语+did/were主语+should/would/could/might+do主语+haddone主语+should/would/could/might+havedone主语+1.did2.shoulddo3.weretodo主语+should/would/could/might+doIfyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。3.如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you______sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will注意：1.错综（混合）时间虚拟语气当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyou____________(follow)myadvicejustnow,you_________(be)betternow.Ifyou__________(study)hardbefore,you_______(be)acollegestudentnow.hadfollowedwouldbehadstudiedwouldbeIfyou______withGeorgeearlier,you_____soangrynow.A.talked;wouldnotbeB.hadtalked;wouldnotbeC.wouldtalk;wouldnotbeD.hadtalked;wouldnothavebeenIfwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver_____soseriouslynow.A.isnotpollutedB.wouldnotbepollutedC.hadnotbeenpollutedD.wouldnothavebeenpolluted2.if从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），if必须省略。否定词not不能放在前面。1.HadInotseenhimthen(Hadn’tIseenhimthen),Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.3.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.4.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Hadyoustudiedhardbefore,……WereIyou,……Shoulditrainedtomorrow/Wereittoraintomorrow,3、含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用的有介词with，without，butfor（倘没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise等。1.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.=IfIhadn‘tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.2.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.3.Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.4.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?5.Without/Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…Withoutelectricity,thelifeofhumanbeings______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeButforhishelp,I______.A.shouldnothavesucceededB.havenotsucceededC.didnotsucceedD.hadnotsucceededHehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored—Whydidn’tyoubuyit?—I______butIdidn’thavethemoney.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.hadhadD.hadbought二、虚拟语气的其他用法1.asif/asthough（好像）+从句与现在相反did/were与过去相反haddone与将来相反would/could/might+doHelooksasifhewereanartist.Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.(区分evenif/though)注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken2.Itis(high/about)time(that)sbdid/sbshould（不可省略）+do该是某人做某事的时候了。Itishightimethatyougotup/shouldgetup.I’mgettingtired;it’stimewe_____home.A.goB.aregoingC.wentD.shouldbegoing3.wish/ifonly(要是……就好了）+从句与现在事实相反did/were与过去事实相反haddone（或用couldhavedone）与将来事实相反could/would/might+doIwish(that)he________________(visit)ustomorrow.Iwish(that)he_________(visit)ustoday.Iwishhe____________________________(visit)usyesterday.hadvisitedus/couldhavevisiteduswould/could/mightvisitvisitedIfonlyyou_____________（listen)toouradvice!IfonlyI_____(be)abird!hadlistenedwere4.在wouldrather+宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反did/were与过去事实相反haddone即：wouldrathersbdid/haddoneIwouldratheryou______(come)heretomorrow.Iwouldratheryou__________(nottell)methetruth.camehadn’ttold5.用于表示建议（advise/suggest/propose/recommend）命令(order/command)要求(demand/require/request/desire)坚持要求(insist)等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：sb（should）+do1.Isuggestedthathe(should)gothereatonce.(宾语从句)2.Myadviceisthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.3.Imadeasuggestionthathe------(同位语从句)4.Itissuggestedthathe------(主语从句)5.Mysuggestionwasthathe-----(表语从句)区别：Thisisthesuggestionthat/whichhemadeatthemeeting.(定语从句)Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing____untilthepeoplearrived.A.didn’ttouchB.touchedC.betouchedD.touch注意：suggest:表明，暗示陈述语气建议虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_____（be)illandthatshe________________(send)tohospitalimmediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为陈述语气坚持主张，坚持要求虚拟语气Heinsistedthathe____________(notsteal)themoneyandinsistedthathe_____________(set)free.was(should)besenthadn’tstolen(should)beset6.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/funny/surprising/apity/ashame/nowonder/suggested/advised/recommended/desired等thatsb(should)+doItisstrangethathe(should)havetreatedhisparentslikethat.ItisapitythatLucy(should)besocareless.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatshecan’tsing.Itisstrangethatthelazyboy_____passtheexam.A.hasB.shouldC.wouldD.might