William-Golding

WilliamGoldingEarlylifeWilliamGoldingwasborninhisgrandmother'shouseon19September1911,Cornwall,Englandandhespentmanychildhoodholidaysthere.HegrewupathisfamilyhomeinMarlborough,Wiltshire,wherehisfather(AlecGolding)wasasciencemasteratMarlboroughGrammarSchool.Hismother,Mildred,supportedthemoderatecampaignersforfemalesuffrage.In1930GoldingwenttoOxfordUniversityasanundergraduateatBrasenoseCollege,wherehereadNaturalSciencesfortwoyearsbeforetransferringtoEnglishLiterature.GoldingtookhisB.A.degreewithSecondClassHonoursinthesummerof1934,andlaterthatyearabookofhisPoemswaspublishedbyMacmillan&Co,withthehelpofhisOxfordfriend,theanthroposophistAdamBittleston.MarriageandfamilyGoldingmarriedAnnBrookfieldon30September1939andtheyhadtwochildren,JudyandDavid.WarserviceDuringWorldWarII,GoldingfoughtintheRoyalNavyandwasbrieflyinvolvedinthepursuitandsinkingofGermany'smightiestbattleship,theBismarck.HealsoparticipatedintheinvasionofNormandyonD-Day,commandingalandingshipthatfiredsalvoesofrocketsontothebeaches,andtheninanavalactionatWalchereninwhich23outof24assaultcraftweresunk.Atthewar'sendhereturnedtoteachingandwriting.DeathIn1985GoldingandhiswifemovedtoTullimaarHouseatPerranarworthal,nearTruro,Cornwall,wherehediedofheartfailure,8yearslater,on19June1993.HewasburiedinthevillagechurchyardatBowerchalke,SouthWiltshire(neartheHampshireandDorsetcountyboundaries).WilliamGolding(19September1911–19June1993)wasanEnglishnovelist,playwright,andpoet.GoldingwasknightedbyElizabethIIin1988.HewasafellowoftheRoyalSocietyofLiterature.In2008,TheTimesrankedGoldingthirdontheirlistofThe50greatestBritishwriterssince1945.·Poems(1934)~《诗集》·LordoftheFlies(1954)~《蝇王》·TheInheritors(1955)~《继承者》·PincherMartin(1956)~《品契·马丁》·TheBrassButterfly(play)(1958)~《军营蝴蝶》·FreeFall(1959)~《自由堕落》·TheSpire(1964)~《塔尖》or《尖顶教堂》·TheHotGates(essays)(1965)~《温泉关》·ThePyramid(1967)~《金字塔》·TheScorpionGod(1971)~《蝎子王》·DarknessVisible(1979)~《看得见的黑暗》·AMovingTarget(essays)(1982)《活动的靶子》·ThePaperMen(1984)~《纸人》·AnEgyptianJournal(1985)~《埃及日记》·TotheEndsoftheEarth(trilogy)~《前往地球尽头》oRitesofPassage(1980)~《启蒙之旅》oCloseQuarters(1987)~《短兵相见》oFireDownBelow(1989)~《潜藏之火》·TheDoubleTongue(posthumous)(1995)~《巧语》Majorworks;BestknownforhisnovelLordoftheFlies,hewonaNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1983.WilliamGoldingwasalsoawardedtheBookerPrizeforliteraturein1980forhisnovelRitesofPassage,thefirstbookinwhatbecamehisseatrilogy,TotheEndsoftheEarth.TotheEndsoftheEarth.WritingStyleGolding'softenallegoricalfictionmakesbroaduseofallusionstoclassicalliterature,mythology,andChristiansymbolism.Nodistinctthreaduniteshisnovels,andthesubjectmatterandtechniquevary.Hisfirstnovel,LordoftheFlies(1954;film,1963and1990,play,adaptedbyNigelWilliams,1995),dealtwithanunsuccessfulstruggleagainstbarbarismandwar,thusshowingtheambiguityandfragilityofcivilization.TheInheritors(1955)lookedbackintoprehistory,advancingthethesisthathumankind'sevolutionaryancestors,thenewpeople(generallyidentifiedwithhomosapienssapiens),triumphedoveragentlerrace(generallyidentifiedwithNeanderthals)asmuchbyviolenceanddeceitasbynaturalsuperiority.InPincherMartin(1956)andFreeFall(1959),Goldingexploredproblemsofexistence,suchassurvivalandfreedom,usingdreamlikenarrativesandflashbacks.TheSpire(1964)tellsthestoryofamedievalcleric'sobsessivedeterminationtobuildagreatcathedralspire,regardlessoftheconsequences.他的作品广泛地融入了古典文学，神话，基督教文化以及象征主义。戈尔丁作品的主题一般是与黑暗邪恶有关，但他的小说中也表达一种昏暗的乐观主义。戈尔丁相信基督教的原罪说，认为人类的本性是邪恶的，认为是人把恶带到了世上，于是试图从人本身的缺陷来寻找社会问题的根源。这是他思想上的局限性。然而，他对人生的探讨是积极的。他的作品富有哲理，富有想象力，题材多种多样，风格各不相同。他经常运用寓言、比喻、象征等艺术手段，并引用《圣经》和神话传说，来创造现代神话，揭示人类文明的脆弱。